EXPRESS: Enhanced intentional inhibition with increased subliminal action preparation

Intentional inhibition, the ability to voluntarily inhibit or suspend an action preparation, is closely related to self-control. It is widely believed that subliminal stimuli can also activate action preparation, but whether intentional inhibition is enhanced or disrupted with greater subliminal action preparation remains unclear. In this study, participants voluntarily decided whether or not to perform the action in the scenario with subliminal action preparation, and the strength of the action preparation was manipulated by a precueing procedure. The results, based on behavioral measures and drift-diffusion models, showed that intentional inhibition enhanced with increasing subliminal action preparation, suggesting that as subliminal action preparation increases, people are more inclined to make inhibitory decisions. This study provides evidence for a framework in which strong subliminal action preparation induces enhanced cognitive monitoring.