{"title":"几种不锈钢的氢脆特性","authors":"Mitsuhiro Okayasu, Hisanobu Matsuura","doi":"10.1007/s10704-024-00809-z","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) characteristics of various stainless steels were investigated. In this study, as-received, heated (1100 °C, 15 h), and cold-rolled (30% strain) <i>γ-</i>austenite (AS), <i>α-</i>ferrite (FS), <i>α′-</i>martensite (MS), and <i>γ</i>–<i>α</i> duplex (DS) stainless steels were employed. For as-received stainless steels, severe HE occurred for DS and MS with static tensile loading, while no clear and weak HE was observed for AS and FS, respectively. This could be attributed to the different extent of hydrogen diffusivity in the stainless steel. A large amount of hydrogen penetrated to (i) lattice vacancy with low atomic density for body-centered cubic FS, DS, and MS, compared to that for face-centered cubic (AS); (ii) the phase boundary between <i>γ</i>-austenite and <i>α</i>-ferrite for DS; and (iii) the boundary between the Cr base precipitate and the martensite matrix for MS. HE also occurred strongly for heated-DS owing to the grain growth, i.e., a high hydrogen concentration in grain and phase boundaries. Although no clear HE was detected in as-received AS with static loading, HE occurred in cold-rolled AS, where hydrogen penetrated lattice vacancies and <i>α′</i>-martensite formed through strain-induced martensite. Owing to strain-induced martensite created during cyclic loading, HE was detected even for as-received AS, which is dissimilar to the result of the tensile test. Details of HE characteristics of the strainless steels were examined using the four stainless steels with different microstructures, diferent strain level and oxide layer. Moreover, those were investigated under different loading conditions, such as constant, static, and cyclic loading.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":590,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Fracture","volume":"248 1-3","pages":"201 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Hydrogen embrittlement properties of several stainless steels\",\"authors\":\"Mitsuhiro Okayasu, Hisanobu Matsuura\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10704-024-00809-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) characteristics of various stainless steels were investigated. In this study, as-received, heated (1100 °C, 15 h), and cold-rolled (30% strain) <i>γ-</i>austenite (AS), <i>α-</i>ferrite (FS), <i>α′-</i>martensite (MS), and <i>γ</i>–<i>α</i> duplex (DS) stainless steels were employed. For as-received stainless steels, severe HE occurred for DS and MS with static tensile loading, while no clear and weak HE was observed for AS and FS, respectively. This could be attributed to the different extent of hydrogen diffusivity in the stainless steel. A large amount of hydrogen penetrated to (i) lattice vacancy with low atomic density for body-centered cubic FS, DS, and MS, compared to that for face-centered cubic (AS); (ii) the phase boundary between <i>γ</i>-austenite and <i>α</i>-ferrite for DS; and (iii) the boundary between the Cr base precipitate and the martensite matrix for MS. HE also occurred strongly for heated-DS owing to the grain growth, i.e., a high hydrogen concentration in grain and phase boundaries. Although no clear HE was detected in as-received AS with static loading, HE occurred in cold-rolled AS, where hydrogen penetrated lattice vacancies and <i>α′</i>-martensite formed through strain-induced martensite. Owing to strain-induced martensite created during cyclic loading, HE was detected even for as-received AS, which is dissimilar to the result of the tensile test. Details of HE characteristics of the strainless steels were examined using the four stainless steels with different microstructures, diferent strain level and oxide layer. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
研究了各种不锈钢的氢脆(HE)特性。这项研究采用了γ-奥氏体(AS)、α-铁素体(FS)、α′-马氏体(MS)和γ-α双相(DS)不锈钢的原样、加热(1100 °C,15 小时)和冷轧(30% 应变)。对于刚收到的不锈钢,DS 和 MS 在静态拉伸载荷下会出现严重的 HE,而 AS 和 FS 则分别没有观察到明显和微弱的 HE。这可能是由于氢在不锈钢中的扩散程度不同。与面心立方(AS)相比,大量氢渗透到:(i) 体心立方 FS、DS 和 MS 的低原子密度晶格空位;(ii) DS 的γ-奥氏体和 α-铁素体之间的相界;(iii) MS 的铬基沉淀和马氏体基体之间的边界。由于晶粒生长(即晶粒和相边界氢浓度较高),加热-DS 也发生了强烈的氢化反应。虽然在静态加载的未接收 AS 中未检测到明显的 HE,但在冷轧 AS 中却出现了 HE,氢渗透到晶格空位中,通过应变诱导马氏体形成了 α′-马氏体。由于在循环加载过程中产生了应变诱导马氏体,因此即使是成品 AS 也能检测到 HE,这与拉伸试验的结果不同。使用四种具有不同微观结构、不同应变水平和氧化层的不锈钢,对无应变钢的高热特性进行了详细研究。此外,还在恒定、静态和循环加载等不同加载条件下对这些特性进行了研究。
Hydrogen embrittlement properties of several stainless steels
The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) characteristics of various stainless steels were investigated. In this study, as-received, heated (1100 °C, 15 h), and cold-rolled (30% strain) γ-austenite (AS), α-ferrite (FS), α′-martensite (MS), and γ–α duplex (DS) stainless steels were employed. For as-received stainless steels, severe HE occurred for DS and MS with static tensile loading, while no clear and weak HE was observed for AS and FS, respectively. This could be attributed to the different extent of hydrogen diffusivity in the stainless steel. A large amount of hydrogen penetrated to (i) lattice vacancy with low atomic density for body-centered cubic FS, DS, and MS, compared to that for face-centered cubic (AS); (ii) the phase boundary between γ-austenite and α-ferrite for DS; and (iii) the boundary between the Cr base precipitate and the martensite matrix for MS. HE also occurred strongly for heated-DS owing to the grain growth, i.e., a high hydrogen concentration in grain and phase boundaries. Although no clear HE was detected in as-received AS with static loading, HE occurred in cold-rolled AS, where hydrogen penetrated lattice vacancies and α′-martensite formed through strain-induced martensite. Owing to strain-induced martensite created during cyclic loading, HE was detected even for as-received AS, which is dissimilar to the result of the tensile test. Details of HE characteristics of the strainless steels were examined using the four stainless steels with different microstructures, diferent strain level and oxide layer. Moreover, those were investigated under different loading conditions, such as constant, static, and cyclic loading.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Fracture is an outlet for original analytical, numerical and experimental contributions which provide improved understanding of the mechanisms of micro and macro fracture in all materials, and their engineering implications.
The Journal is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of fracture. Contributions emphasizing empirical correlations, unanalyzed experimental results or routine numerical computations, while representing important necessary aspects of certain fatigue, strength, and fracture analyses, will normally be discouraged; occasional review papers in these as well as other areas are welcomed. Innovative and in-depth engineering applications of fracture theory are also encouraged.
In addition, the Journal welcomes, for rapid publication, Brief Notes in Fracture and Micromechanics which serve the Journal''s Objective. Brief Notes include: Brief presentation of a new idea, concept or method; new experimental observations or methods of significance; short notes of quality that do not amount to full length papers; discussion of previously published work in the Journal, and Brief Notes Errata.