地下矿井穿越地球 (TTE) 通信系统应用综述

IF 1.5 4区 工程技术 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING
Philani Larrance Ngwenyama, Ronald C. W. Webber-Youngman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

地下采矿事故有可能使矿工长期被困在未知的、有生命危险的地点。被困和下落不明矿工的生命受到威胁,需要紧急救援。但是,主要的追踪系统在事故中极易受到损坏,事故发生后很有可能失效或无法使用。因此,需要一个强大可靠的事故后通信和定位系统。随后,我们开发了穿越地面(TTE)通信系统,并在地下矿井中进行了测试。在理想条件下,这些系统能够在事故后进行全双工双向语音、文本和数据通信,并对被困矿工的地理位置进行指纹检测。这是通过地面和地下之间的电磁波和地震波传输建立的无线连接实现的,即使在恶劣的地下环境中也是如此。与主要的跟踪系统不同,TTE 通信系统不需要大量的井筒到工作地点的主干基础设施。这使得 TTE 系统不易受到损坏,因此适用于事故后通信。相反,地壳充当信号传输介质,形成上行和下行通信路径。具体做法是利用电极向地下注入电流,通过辐射环形天线传输磁场,或利用地震波诱导指纹地理定位。范围和数据传输率是这些系统有效性的关键要求,并取决于天线设计、频率和岩石特性等因素。本研究综述了不同类型 TTE 通信系统的应用、演变、影响因素以及提高效率和能力的技术。这些系统为采矿业提供了一个机会,通过提供事故后通信和尽快定位被困矿工来提高安全性。这将提高他们的生存机会,并最终降低采矿业的死亡率。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

A Review of the Applications of Through-the-Earth (TTE) Communication Systems for Underground Mines

A Review of the Applications of Through-the-Earth (TTE) Communication Systems for Underground Mines

Underground mining accidents have the potential of leaving miners trapped in unknown and life-threatening locations for an extended period of time. The lives of the trapped and unaccounted-for miners are at risk and require emergency rescue. But, the primary tracking systems are highly susceptible to damage during accidents and are most likely to be defunct and inoperable post-accident. This prompted the need for a robust and reliable post-accident communication and locator system. Subsequently, the through-the-earth (TTE) communication systems were developed and tested in underground mines. Under ideal conditions, these systems are capable of post-accident full-duplex two-way voice, text, and data communication and fingerprint detection of the geolocations of the trapped miners. This is achieved through a wireless link established by the transmission of electromagnetic and seismic waves between surface and underground, even in challenged underground environments. Unlike the primary tracking systems, the TTE communication systems do not require extensive shaft-to-workplace backbone infrastructure. This has made the TTE systems to be less susceptible to damage and therefore suitable for post-accident communication. Instead, the Earth’s crust acts as the signal transmission medium which forms an uplink and downlink communication path. This is achieved by injecting an electric current into the ground using electrodes, by transmitting magnetic fields from a radiating loop antenna, or by inducing fingerprint geolocations using seismic waves. Range and data rates are the critical requirements for the effectiveness of these systems and are dependent on factors such as the antenna design, frequency, and rock properties. This study provides a review of the applications of the different types of TTE communication systems, their evolution, factors that affect them, and techniques for improving their efficiencies and capabilities. These systems present the mining industry with an opportunity to improve safety by providing post-accident communication and locating trapped miners as quickly as possible. This will improve their survival chances and ultimately reduce fatality rates in the mining industry.

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来源期刊
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration
Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration Materials Science-Materials Chemistry
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
10.50%
发文量
177
期刊介绍: The aim of this international peer-reviewed journal of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration (SME) is to provide a broad-based forum for the exchange of real-world and theoretical knowledge from academia, government and industry that is pertinent to mining, mineral/metallurgical processing, exploration and other fields served by the Society. The journal publishes high-quality original research publications, in-depth special review articles, reviews of state-of-the-art and innovative technologies and industry methodologies, communications of work of topical and emerging interest, and other works that enhance understanding on both the fundamental and practical levels.
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