美洲狮(Puma concolor)物种分布南端种群的遗传多样性和多样化模式

IF 2.4 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Matias E. Mac Allister, Carlos E. Figueroa, Regina Mazzei, Ramiro G. Tintorelli, Diana B. Acosta, Orlando Gallo, Diego Castillo, Emiliano Pinardi, Virginia D. Zelada Perrone, Alejandro Rodríguez, Juan I. Zanón Martínez, Mariano L. Merino, Juan I. Túnez, Alejandro Travaini, Gabriela P. Fernández
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引用次数: 0

摘要

美洲狮(Puma concolor Linnaeus,1771 年)是美洲分布最广的顶级食肉动物。自欧洲殖民者进入美洲大陆以来,美洲狮的种群数量经历了大幅缩减,原有的分布范围也随之缩小。在阿根廷,人类与美洲狮之间的冲突管理(直接迫害和改变栖息地)主要集中在减少或消灭美洲狮的方法上,导致美洲狮种群急剧萎缩,甚至完全灭绝,例如在巴塔哥尼亚和阿根廷东部地区。尽管对美洲狮种群的人口趋势缺乏了解,但在分类学方面仍存在争议,需要解决这些问题才能实施适当的管理和保护措施。因此,本研究的目的是利用两种线粒体标记对阿根廷中南部地区的美洲狮种群进行基因鉴定,评估它们的人口历史,在宏观区域层面上比较我们的结果,并在保护和管理的背景下讨论我们的发现。我们共使用了 203 个个体,并对控制区的一个片段和 ND5 的另一个片段进行了测序。获得的遗传变异性适中。根据校准树计算了每个位点的替代率和 tMRCA。在一棵连接树中,发现了两个主要的系统发育支系(后验概率 = 1),尽管没有观察到互为单系的现象,其分化时间为 22.8 万年,95% CI [11.7-36.3 万年]。在评估种群结构时,发现了三个遗传集群,一个是巴塔哥尼亚地区的特征,另一个是该国中部地区的特征。通过计算基因对的ФST值,发现巴塔哥尼亚和其他地区的种群之间存在明显的结构差异,这表明干旱的对角线可能是基因流动的障碍。在评估人口历史时,中性检验支持巴塔哥尼亚近期的扩张。这些发现对于在美洲狮分布的南部地区界定两个不同的管理单元(MUs)至关重要,并为该物种的管理和保护措施提供了宝贵的信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Genetic diversity and diversification patterns of puma (Puma concolor) populations in the southern end of the species distribution
The puma (Puma concolor Linnaeus, 1771) is the top predator with the widest distribution in America. Since the establishment of European settlers on the American continent, puma populations have experienced significant contractions and reductions in their original distribution. In Argentina, the management of the conflict between humans and pumas (direct persecution and habitat modification) focused on reduction or elimination methods, leading to a drastic contraction, even total eradication, of puma populations as seen in Patagonia and the eastern part of the country. Despite the lack of knowledge about puma population demographic trends, there are taxonomic issues that remain controversial and need to be resolved to implement appropriate management and conservation measures. Therefore, the aim of this study was to genetically characterize puma populations in the central-southern region of Argentina using two mitochondrial markers, evaluate their demographic history, compare our results at a macro-regional level, and discuss our findings in a conservation and management context. A total of 203 individuals were used, and a fragment of the control region and another of ND5 were sequenced. The genetic variability obtained was moderate. Substitution rates for each locus and the tMRCA were calculated from calibrated trees. In a concatenated tree, two main phylogenetic clades were identified (posterior probability = 1), although a reciprocal monophyly was not observed, with a divergence time of 228 thousand years and a 95% CI [117–363 thousand years]. When evaluating population structuring, three genetic clusters were found, one characteristic of the Patagonian region and the others in the central part of the country. Calculating the ФST values for pairs resulted in significant structuring between Patagonia and the rest of the populations, suggesting the arid diagonal as a possible barrier to gene flow. When evaluating the demographic history, neutrality tests would support a recent expansion in Patagonia. These findings are crucial in defining two distinct Management Units (MUs) in the southern part of puma distribution and providing valuable information for management and conservation measures for the species.
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Environmental Science-Ecology
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
6.70%
发文量
1143
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research across fundamental and applied sciences, to provide ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it should best be managed. Field Chief Editor Mark A. Elgar at the University of Melbourne is supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international researchers. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics and the public worldwide. Eminent biologist and theist Theodosius Dobzhansky’s astute observation that “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” has arguably even broader relevance now than when it was first penned in The American Biology Teacher in 1973. One could similarly argue that not much in evolution makes sense without recourse to ecological concepts: understanding diversity — from microbial adaptations to species assemblages — requires insights from both ecological and evolutionary disciplines. Nowadays, technological developments from other fields allow us to address unprecedented ecological and evolutionary questions of astonishing detail, impressive breadth and compelling inference. The specialty sections of Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution will publish, under a single platform, contemporary, rigorous research, reviews, opinions, and commentaries that cover the spectrum of ecological and evolutionary inquiry, both fundamental and applied. Articles are peer-reviewed according to the Frontiers review guidelines, which evaluate manuscripts on objective editorial criteria. Through this unique, Frontiers platform for open-access publishing and research networking, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution aims to provide colleagues and the broader community with ecological and evolutionary insights into our natural and anthropogenic world, and how it might best be managed.
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