Collaborative operation strategy of multiple microenergy grids considering demand-side energy-sharing behavior

In recent years, as the energy market continues to change, an emerging business model is gradually emerging as an energy provider (EP). The participation of EP as an independent entity in the distribution network investment model not only helps realize a win–win situation for multiple stakeholders but also promotes the innovation and sustainable development of the energy industry. However, in the energy system, EPs, grids, microenergy grids (MEGs), and shared energy storage service providers usually belong to different stakeholders, and their respective pursuit of profit maximization can easily lead to uncontrolled competition, which greatly reduces market efficiency. To address the varying ownership structures within the energy system, a refined bilevel coordinated optimization operation model is introduced, rooted in the master–slave game theory. In this model, the EP assumes the role of the master, while the MEG operator and the shared energy storage operator (SESO) act as slaves. A peer-to-peer energy-sharing mechanism between MEGs and an energy trading mechanism between MEGs and shared energy storage is used to further increase the local consumption rate of new energy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method not only boosts the revenues of an EP, SESO, and MEG operators but also effectively accounts for the MEG's energy storage needs and SESOs' profitability.