{"title":"镓:对抗微生物的决定性 \"特洛伊木马","authors":"Amanda Stefanie Jabur de Assis, Guilherme Manassés Pegoraro, Iolanda Cristina Silveira Duarte, Tiago Palladino Delforno","doi":"10.1007/s10482-024-02015-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Controlling multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MRM) has a long history with the extensive and inappropriate use of antibiotics. At the cost of these drugs being scarce, new possibilities have to be explored to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Thus, metallic compounds have shown to be promising as a viable alternative to contain pathogens resistant to conventional antimicrobials. Gallium (Ga<sup>3+</sup>) can be highlighted, which is an antimicrobial agent capable of disrupting the essential activities of microorganisms, such as metabolism, cellular respiration and DNA synthesis. It was observed that this occurs due to the similar properties between Ga<sup>3+</sup> and iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>), which is a fundamental ion for the correct functioning of bacterial activities. The mimetic effect performed by Ga<sup>3+</sup> prevents iron transporters from distinguishing both ions and results in the substitution of Fe<sup>3+</sup> for Ga<sup>3+</sup> and in adverse metabolic disturbances in rapidly growing cells. This review focuses on analyzing the development of research involving Ga<sup>3+</sup>, elucidating the intracellular incorporation of the “Trojan Horse”, summarizing the mechanism of interaction between gallium and iron and comparing the most recent and broad-spectrum studies using gallium-based compounds with antimicrobial scope.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":50746,"journal":{"name":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Gallium: a decisive “Trojan Horse” against microorganisms\",\"authors\":\"Amanda Stefanie Jabur de Assis, Guilherme Manassés Pegoraro, Iolanda Cristina Silveira Duarte, Tiago Palladino Delforno\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10482-024-02015-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Controlling multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MRM) has a long history with the extensive and inappropriate use of antibiotics. At the cost of these drugs being scarce, new possibilities have to be explored to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Thus, metallic compounds have shown to be promising as a viable alternative to contain pathogens resistant to conventional antimicrobials. Gallium (Ga<sup>3+</sup>) can be highlighted, which is an antimicrobial agent capable of disrupting the essential activities of microorganisms, such as metabolism, cellular respiration and DNA synthesis. It was observed that this occurs due to the similar properties between Ga<sup>3+</sup> and iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>), which is a fundamental ion for the correct functioning of bacterial activities. The mimetic effect performed by Ga<sup>3+</sup> prevents iron transporters from distinguishing both ions and results in the substitution of Fe<sup>3+</sup> for Ga<sup>3+</sup> and in adverse metabolic disturbances in rapidly growing cells. This review focuses on analyzing the development of research involving Ga<sup>3+</sup>, elucidating the intracellular incorporation of the “Trojan Horse”, summarizing the mechanism of interaction between gallium and iron and comparing the most recent and broad-spectrum studies using gallium-based compounds with antimicrobial scope.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":50746,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology\",\"volume\":\"118 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-13\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10482-024-02015-2\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek International Journal of General and Molecular Microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10482-024-02015-2","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Gallium: a decisive “Trojan Horse” against microorganisms
Controlling multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MRM) has a long history with the extensive and inappropriate use of antibiotics. At the cost of these drugs being scarce, new possibilities have to be explored to inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Thus, metallic compounds have shown to be promising as a viable alternative to contain pathogens resistant to conventional antimicrobials. Gallium (Ga3+) can be highlighted, which is an antimicrobial agent capable of disrupting the essential activities of microorganisms, such as metabolism, cellular respiration and DNA synthesis. It was observed that this occurs due to the similar properties between Ga3+ and iron (Fe3+), which is a fundamental ion for the correct functioning of bacterial activities. The mimetic effect performed by Ga3+ prevents iron transporters from distinguishing both ions and results in the substitution of Fe3+ for Ga3+ and in adverse metabolic disturbances in rapidly growing cells. This review focuses on analyzing the development of research involving Ga3+, elucidating the intracellular incorporation of the “Trojan Horse”, summarizing the mechanism of interaction between gallium and iron and comparing the most recent and broad-spectrum studies using gallium-based compounds with antimicrobial scope.
期刊介绍:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek publishes papers on fundamental and applied aspects of microbiology. Topics of particular interest include: taxonomy, structure & development; biochemistry & molecular biology; physiology & metabolic studies; genetics; ecological studies; especially molecular ecology; marine microbiology; medical microbiology; molecular biological aspects of microbial pathogenesis and bioinformatics.