Effects of floating photovoltaics on aquatic organisms: a review

Solar photovoltaic (PV) generation is burgeoning as global economies pursue decarbonization goals. To meet the surge in solar energy demand, deployment of PV panels on water surfaces has emerged as an attractive option. Despite the potential advantages associated with floating PV (FPV) systems, current understanding of their impact on aquatic life remains scarce. Here, we use the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis methodology to provide a systematic review of FPV effects on aquatic organisms. Our search yielded 24 studies selected for qualitative analysis—most of which were performed in small-scale artificial ecosystems. We identified 39 variables across 12 artificial taxonomic groups. The most commonly reported effect was the reduction of chlorophyll-a in the water. Additionally, there is growing evidence that FPV has indirect effects on various groups of aquatic organisms. Enhancing current understanding of ecological consequences of FPV systems on aquatic biodiversity is urgent given the industry’s rapid expansion, and developing strategies for monitoring, controlling and predicting water quality impacts is necessary. This review provides a foundation for future studies and can assist in the development of strategies for balancing impacts and benefits of FPV systems.