Brillouin laser-driven terahertz oscillator up to 3 THz with femtosecond-level timing jitter

The terahertz (THz) frequency range, spanning from 0.1 to 10.0 THz, is a field ripe for innovation with vast, developing potential in areas like wireless communication and molecular spectroscopy. Our work introduces a dual-wavelength laser design that utilizes stimulated Brillouin scattering in an optical fibre cavity to effectively generate two highly coherent optical Stokes waves with inherently mitigated differential phase noise. To guarantee robust operation, the Stokes waves are optically injected into their respective pump lasers, which also serves to greatly improve the resulting coherence. The frequency difference between the two wavelengths is converted into THz waves through a uni-travelling-carrier photodiode. This innovative design facilitates the generation of THz waves with phase noise levels of less than –100 dBc Hz^–1, translating to timing noise below 10 as Hz^–1/2 at 10 kHz Fourier frequency, over a carrier frequency range from 300 GHz to 3 THz. This development in phase noise reduction establishes a new benchmark in the spectral purity of tunable THz sources. Such advances are pivotal for applications to move beyond oscillator constraints.