没有证据表明算术规则是无意识启动和遵循的:重复研究

IF 3.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Amir Tal,Liad Mudrik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

关于意识的功能,意识研究领域产生了各种说法,有时甚至是相互矛盾的说法,有的否认意识具有这种功能,有的则声称任何高级认知功能都需要意识。支持这两种说法的经验性发现都有报道,但其中一些发现最近因无法复制而被重新审视。在这里,我们的目的是复制里克和穆勒(2012 年)报告的一个显著发现:参与者能够根据一个未见的指令,将其与随后呈现的一对未见的数字整合在一起,并相应地将数字相加(产生引物效应)或简单地表示它们。因此,这一发现证明了无意识的任务切换、时间整合(涉及心理连锁)和算术运算。在没有意识的情况下发现这种高级过程对我们理解意识具有关键意义,因为它挑战了该领域的著名理论(如全局神经元工作空间)。因此,鉴于心理科学尤其是意识研究领域的自我修正浪潮,我们在此报告了一项预先登记的重复实验,旨在测试这一发现的可重复性,同时更好地控制受试者对指令和数字的意识。在两个高能量实验中,我们的结果都未能复制原始效应。因此,我们得出结论,目前的证据并不支持算术运算(特别是加法)可以在无意识的情况下灵活启动的说法,这与目前关于无意识加工范围更有限的论点是一致的。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
No evidence for unconscious initiation and following of arithmetic rules: A replication study.
The field of consciousness studies has yielded various-sometimes contradicting-accounts regarding the function of consciousness, ranging from denying it has such function to claiming that any high-level cognitive function requires consciousness. Empirical findings supporting both accounts were reported, yet some of them have been recently revisited based on failures to replicate. Here, we aimed at replicating a remarkable finding reported by Ric and Muller (2012); participants were able to follow an unseen instruction, integrate it with a subsequently presented pair of unseen digits, and accordingly either add the digits (resulting in a priming effect), or simply represent them. This finding thus demonstrates unconscious task-switching, temporal integration (involving mental chaining), and arithmetic operation. Finding such high-level processes in the absence of awareness is of pivotal importance to our understanding of consciousness, as it challenges prominent theories in the field (e.g., the global neuronal workspace). Accordingly, in light of the self-correction wave in psychological science in general and in the field of consciousness studies in particular, we report here a preregistered replication aimed at testing the reproducibility of this finding, while also better controlling for subjects' awareness of both the instruction and the digits. Across two highly powered experiments, our results failed to replicate the original effect. We, therefore, conclude that the current evidence does not support the claim that arithmetic operations (specifically, addition) can be flexibly initiated without awareness, in line with the current arguments for a more limited scope of unconscious processing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
300
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: General publishes articles describing empirical work that bridges the traditional interests of two or more communities of psychology. The work may touch on issues dealt with in JEP: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, JEP: Animal Behavior Processes, or JEP: Applied, but may also concern issues in other subdisciplines of psychology, including social processes, developmental processes, psychopathology, neuroscience, or computational modeling. Articles in JEP: General may be longer than the usual journal publication if necessary, but shorter articles that bridge subdisciplines will also be considered.
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