Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho , Rosana Ribeiro da Costa , Ronan Adler Tavella , José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior , Dimas de Barros Santiago , Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior , Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior , Raquel da Fontoura Nicolette
{"title":"南美洲 PM2.5 浓度评估：气候模式和趋势分析","authors":"Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho , Rosana Ribeiro da Costa , Ronan Adler Tavella , José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior , Dimas de Barros Santiago , Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior , Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior , Raquel da Fontoura Nicolette","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120800","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study assessed the concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) over South America (SA) based on climatological patterns and trend analysis. This study used monthly PM<sub>2.5</sub> data from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) at the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts from 2003 to 2022. The bilinear interpolation method was applied to the data resampling from 0.75° × 0.75°–0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution, and subsequently, the climatological analysis was performed on seasonal and annual scales of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations for the 20-year series. The assessment comprised three main stages: 1) descriptive statistics, 2) seasonal and annual climatology patterns, and 3) trend analysis (Mann-Kendall - MK and Pettitt tests). Results indicated that the largest annual PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were found in the Amazon region and northern Paraguay due the El-Niño South Oscillation events (2003–2005, 2007, 2010, 2020, and 2022). The annual average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations exceeded the WHO recommended limit (5 μg m<sup>−3</sup>), ranging from 15.57 μg m<sup>−3</sup> (1999) and 22.74 μg m<sup>−3</sup> (2007 and 2010). The highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were observed in the Amazon and Chile (Santiago), reaching 160.4 μg m<sup>−3</sup> annually and 177.8 μg m<sup>−3</sup> seasonally (spring). Elevated seasonal PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were attributed to increased deforestation and wildfires associated with meteorological systems such as the Bolivian high and subtropical jets during dry periods (winter and spring). The MK test revealed a significant reduction in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations between 2003 and 2022, observed in Argentina (north), Brazil (arc of reforestation), Bolivia (south), and Chile (north). Reduction values varied between 0.5 and 10 μg m<sup>−3</sup>.year<sup>−1</sup> annually and during winter, attributed to no-tillage practices in regions cultivating commodities. The Pettitt test also identified significant structural changes occurring in 2006–2008 and 2010–2011, aligning with areas highlighted in the MK test. This study provides valuable insights for air quality and environmental monitoring managers to mitigate PM<sub>2.5</sub> pollution in SA.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":250,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Environment","volume":"338 ","pages":"Article 120800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Evaluation of the PM2.5 concentrations in South America: Climatological patterns and trend analysis\",\"authors\":\"Washington Luiz Félix Correia Filho , Rosana Ribeiro da Costa , Ronan Adler Tavella , José Francisco de Oliveira-Júnior , Dimas de Barros Santiago , Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior , Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior , Raquel da Fontoura Nicolette\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120800\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>This study assessed the concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) over South America (SA) based on climatological patterns and trend analysis. This study used monthly PM<sub>2.5</sub> data from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) at the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts from 2003 to 2022. The bilinear interpolation method was applied to the data resampling from 0.75° × 0.75°–0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution, and subsequently, the climatological analysis was performed on seasonal and annual scales of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations for the 20-year series. The assessment comprised three main stages: 1) descriptive statistics, 2) seasonal and annual climatology patterns, and 3) trend analysis (Mann-Kendall - MK and Pettitt tests). Results indicated that the largest annual PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were found in the Amazon region and northern Paraguay due the El-Niño South Oscillation events (2003–2005, 2007, 2010, 2020, and 2022). The annual average PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations exceeded the WHO recommended limit (5 μg m<sup>−3</sup>), ranging from 15.57 μg m<sup>−3</sup> (1999) and 22.74 μg m<sup>−3</sup> (2007 and 2010). The highest PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were observed in the Amazon and Chile (Santiago), reaching 160.4 μg m<sup>−3</sup> annually and 177.8 μg m<sup>−3</sup> seasonally (spring). Elevated seasonal PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations were attributed to increased deforestation and wildfires associated with meteorological systems such as the Bolivian high and subtropical jets during dry periods (winter and spring). The MK test revealed a significant reduction in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations between 2003 and 2022, observed in Argentina (north), Brazil (arc of reforestation), Bolivia (south), and Chile (north). Reduction values varied between 0.5 and 10 μg m<sup>−3</sup>.year<sup>−1</sup> annually and during winter, attributed to no-tillage practices in regions cultivating commodities. The Pettitt test also identified significant structural changes occurring in 2006–2008 and 2010–2011, aligning with areas highlighted in the MK test. 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Evaluation of the PM2.5 concentrations in South America: Climatological patterns and trend analysis
This study assessed the concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 (PM2.5) over South America (SA) based on climatological patterns and trend analysis. This study used monthly PM2.5 data from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) at the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts from 2003 to 2022. The bilinear interpolation method was applied to the data resampling from 0.75° × 0.75°–0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution, and subsequently, the climatological analysis was performed on seasonal and annual scales of PM2.5 concentrations for the 20-year series. The assessment comprised three main stages: 1) descriptive statistics, 2) seasonal and annual climatology patterns, and 3) trend analysis (Mann-Kendall - MK and Pettitt tests). Results indicated that the largest annual PM2.5 concentrations were found in the Amazon region and northern Paraguay due the El-Niño South Oscillation events (2003–2005, 2007, 2010, 2020, and 2022). The annual average PM2.5 concentrations exceeded the WHO recommended limit (5 μg m−3), ranging from 15.57 μg m−3 (1999) and 22.74 μg m−3 (2007 and 2010). The highest PM2.5 concentrations were observed in the Amazon and Chile (Santiago), reaching 160.4 μg m−3 annually and 177.8 μg m−3 seasonally (spring). Elevated seasonal PM2.5 concentrations were attributed to increased deforestation and wildfires associated with meteorological systems such as the Bolivian high and subtropical jets during dry periods (winter and spring). The MK test revealed a significant reduction in PM2.5 concentrations between 2003 and 2022, observed in Argentina (north), Brazil (arc of reforestation), Bolivia (south), and Chile (north). Reduction values varied between 0.5 and 10 μg m−3.year−1 annually and during winter, attributed to no-tillage practices in regions cultivating commodities. The Pettitt test also identified significant structural changes occurring in 2006–2008 and 2010–2011, aligning with areas highlighted in the MK test. This study provides valuable insights for air quality and environmental monitoring managers to mitigate PM2.5 pollution in SA.
期刊介绍：
Atmospheric Environment has an open access mirror journal Atmospheric Environment: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review.
Atmospheric Environment is the international journal for scientists in different disciplines related to atmospheric composition and its impacts. The journal publishes scientific articles with atmospheric relevance of emissions and depositions of gaseous and particulate compounds, chemical processes and physical effects in the atmosphere, as well as impacts of the changing atmospheric composition on human health, air quality, climate change, and ecosystems.
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