在减少海豚兼捕渔获物情况下渔民的认知和活动转变

IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY
Larissa Dalpaz , Fabio G. Daura-Jorge , Rebecca Lewison , Sofia Zank , Natalia Hanazaki
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引用次数: 0

摘要

禁渔区旨在减少鲸目动物的误捕,但往往忽视了社会和生态方面的副作用,加剧了社会不公并重塑了捕鱼方式。我们介绍了一项关于巴西沿海泻湖中濒临灭绝的拉氏瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops truncatus gephyreus)种群的案例研究,该种群因与撒网捕鱼者的独特合作而闻名。然而,当地的小型渔业(SSF)也使用其他渔具捕获海豚,这促使该地区实施禁渔。我们调查了渔民的社会经济状况、社会差异的证据、对误捕海豚的看法以及渔业活动的预期变化,以了解禁渔的影响。根据社会经济因素及其对海豚合作渔业和刺网渔业的依赖程度,我们将 128 名接受调查的渔民分为五组。我们的调查结果显示,渔民之间在社会资本方面存在巨大差异,他们对兼捕海豚的态度也各不相同,这凸显了不可预见的后果。为了研究渔民可能会如何改变捕鱼方式,我们考虑了两种管理方案:1)如果因减少兼捕渔获物不成功而停止海豚捕捞,捕捞活动将转向拖虾、围网和刺网;2)如果刺网捕捞作为减少兼捕渔获物的措施被成功禁止,捕捞活动将转向拖虾和撒网。这两种情况都将加剧对虾种群的压力,而虾种群在这一社会生态系统中已被大量开发。我们的研究强调了在设计兼捕渔获物减缓措施时考虑替代方案以实现可持续结果的重要性。此外,我们的研究结果还表明,以社会经济背景为基础的参与式治理方法对于保障小型渔户的生计和促进更广泛的保护工作(而非针对特定物种的关注)非常重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Fishers' perception and activity shifts in a dolphin bycatch mitigation context

Fishing exclusion zones aim to reduce cetacean bycatch, but often neglect social and ecological side effects, exacerbating social injustices and reshaping fishing practices. We present a case study of an endangered population of Lahille's bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus gephyreus) in a Brazilian coastal lagoon, known for its unique cooperation with net-casting fishers. However, the local small-scale fisheries (SSF) also employ other fishing gears that contribute to dolphin bycatch, prompting the enforcement of a fishing ban in the area. We investigated fishers' socioeconomic conditions, evidence of social disparities, perceptions on dolphin bycatch, and projected changes on fisheries activities to understand the repercussions of the ban. We categorized 128 surveyed fishers into five groups based on socioeconomic factors and their reliance on dolphin-cooperative and gillnet fisheries. Our findings revealed significant disparities in social capital among fishers and their different attitudes towards dolphin bycatch, highlighting unforeseen consequences. To investigate how fishers would likely shift fishing practices, we considered two management scenarios: 1) should dolphin-fishing cease due to unsuccessful bycatch mitigation, fishing efforts would shift towards shrimp trawling, seine nets, and gillnet effort; 2) if gillnet-fishing is successfully banned as a bycatch mitigation measure, a shift to shrimp trawling and cast net effort. Both scenarios would intensify pressure on shrimp stocks, which are already heavily exploited in this socioecological system. Our research underscores the importance of contemplating alternatives to achieve sustainable outcomes when designing bycatch mitigation measure. Furthermore, our results point to the importance of a participatory governance approach, grounded in the socioeconomic context, to safeguard the livelihoods of small-scale fishers and foster broader conservation efforts beyond species-specific concerns.

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来源期刊
Ocean & Coastal Management
Ocean & Coastal Management 环境科学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
15.20%
发文量
321
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Ocean & Coastal Management is the leading international journal dedicated to the study of all aspects of ocean and coastal management from the global to local levels. We publish rigorously peer-reviewed manuscripts from all disciplines, and inter-/trans-disciplinary and co-designed research, but all submissions must make clear the relevance to management and/or governance issues relevant to the sustainable development and conservation of oceans and coasts. Comparative studies (from sub-national to trans-national cases, and other management / policy arenas) are encouraged, as are studies that critically assess current management practices and governance approaches. Submissions involving robust analysis, development of theory, and improvement of management practice are especially welcome.
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