{"title":"利用桦树皮生产单宁和白桦脂的生命周期评估","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143570","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the environmental impact of suberin and betulin production from birch outer bark was evaluated using life-cycle assessment (LCA), and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method. The system boundary includes production of outer bark to betulin and suberin production, with bark residues utilized for energy production, including all inputs (materials and energy) and outputs. Three scenarios were used to examine using the allocation, extraction and hydrolysation of birch bark. In the baseline scenario (S1), the bark came from a biorefinery and processed in a separate unit, where the hydrolysed bark residue was incinerated to generate the heat; the integrated scenario (S2) and internal loop scenario (S3) considered production within a biorefinery but with different energy sources. The primary data were collected from laboratory experiments, and secondary data were taken from the literature and the ecoinvent 3.9.1 database. FU was 2.06 kg of polymer production that includes 1 kg of suberin and 1.06 kg of betulin production from the same process. The results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) for S1 was 15.5 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. per FU, 16.22 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./FU in S2 and 3.96 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./FU in S3. According to our results, increasing the recycling rate of ethanol (50%, 90% and 98%) in the process and using wood-based energy from the biorefinery instead of Finnish mixed electricity resulted in a significant reduction in the most important environmental impact categories except land use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":349,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cleaner Production","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652624030191/pdfft?md5=443a4005047bd7a70963a091eb192484&pid=1-s2.0-S0959652624030191-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Life cycle assessment of suberin and betulin production from birch bark\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.143570\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In this study, the environmental impact of suberin and betulin production from birch outer bark was evaluated using life-cycle assessment (LCA), and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method. The system boundary includes production of outer bark to betulin and suberin production, with bark residues utilized for energy production, including all inputs (materials and energy) and outputs. Three scenarios were used to examine using the allocation, extraction and hydrolysation of birch bark. In the baseline scenario (S1), the bark came from a biorefinery and processed in a separate unit, where the hydrolysed bark residue was incinerated to generate the heat; the integrated scenario (S2) and internal loop scenario (S3) considered production within a biorefinery but with different energy sources. The primary data were collected from laboratory experiments, and secondary data were taken from the literature and the ecoinvent 3.9.1 database. FU was 2.06 kg of polymer production that includes 1 kg of suberin and 1.06 kg of betulin production from the same process. The results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) for S1 was 15.5 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq. per FU, 16.22 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./FU in S2 and 3.96 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./FU in S3. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
本研究采用生命周期评估(LCA)和 ReCiPe 2016 中点(H)法评估了利用桦树外树皮生产羊脂和白桦脂对环境的影响。系统边界包括从生产外树皮到生产桦木醇和单宁,以及利用树皮残渣生产能源,包括所有输入(材料和能源)和输出。我们采用了三种方案来研究桦树皮的分配、提取和水解。在基线方案(S1)中,树皮来自一个生物精炼厂,在一个独立的装置中进行加工,水解后的树皮残渣被焚烧以产生热量;综合方案(S2)和内部循环方案(S3)考虑了在生物精炼厂内生产,但使用不同的能源。主要数据来自实验室实验,次要数据来自文献和 ecoinvent 3.9.1 数据库。FU 的聚合物产量为 2.06 千克,其中包括同一工艺生产的 1 千克羊毛脂和 1.06 千克白桦脂。结果显示,S1 的全球升温潜能值(GWP)为每 FU 15.5 千克二氧化碳当量,S2 为每 FU 16.22 千克二氧化碳当量,S3 为每 FU 3.96 千克二氧化碳当量。根据我们的研究结果,提高乙醇在工艺中的回收率(50%、90% 和 98%)以及使用生物精炼厂的木质能源代替芬兰混合电力,可显著减少除土地使用以外的最重要的环境影响类别。
Life cycle assessment of suberin and betulin production from birch bark
In this study, the environmental impact of suberin and betulin production from birch outer bark was evaluated using life-cycle assessment (LCA), and the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method. The system boundary includes production of outer bark to betulin and suberin production, with bark residues utilized for energy production, including all inputs (materials and energy) and outputs. Three scenarios were used to examine using the allocation, extraction and hydrolysation of birch bark. In the baseline scenario (S1), the bark came from a biorefinery and processed in a separate unit, where the hydrolysed bark residue was incinerated to generate the heat; the integrated scenario (S2) and internal loop scenario (S3) considered production within a biorefinery but with different energy sources. The primary data were collected from laboratory experiments, and secondary data were taken from the literature and the ecoinvent 3.9.1 database. FU was 2.06 kg of polymer production that includes 1 kg of suberin and 1.06 kg of betulin production from the same process. The results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) for S1 was 15.5 kg CO2 eq. per FU, 16.22 kg CO2 eq./FU in S2 and 3.96 kg CO2 eq./FU in S3. According to our results, increasing the recycling rate of ethanol (50%, 90% and 98%) in the process and using wood-based energy from the biorefinery instead of Finnish mixed electricity resulted in a significant reduction in the most important environmental impact categories except land use.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Cleaner Production is an international, transdisciplinary journal that addresses and discusses theoretical and practical Cleaner Production, Environmental, and Sustainability issues. It aims to help societies become more sustainable by focusing on the concept of 'Cleaner Production', which aims at preventing waste production and increasing efficiencies in energy, water, resources, and human capital use. The journal serves as a platform for corporations, governments, education institutions, regions, and societies to engage in discussions and research related to Cleaner Production, environmental, and sustainability practices.