创建昆虫新多倍体品系以研究动物多倍体进化

IF 3.5 2区 生物学 Q1 EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
Saminathan Sivaprakasham Murugesan, Leo W. Beukeboom, Eveline C. Verhulst, Kelley Leung
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引用次数: 0

摘要

全基因组复制(多倍体)带来了许多复杂问题,但却是真核生物进化的重要驱动力。要通过实验研究在多倍体进化过程中如何克服从细胞(包括基因表达)到生活史层面的诸多挑战,一个能够可靠诱导多倍体并使其持续数代的系统至关重要。迄今为止,这在动物身上还无法实现,因为多倍体会导致第一代动物死亡。寄生蜂 Nasonia vitripennis 是一个非常适合的模型。通过(1)沉默性别决定级联中的基因和(2)注射秋水仙素诱导减数分裂失败,可以在这种单倍体系统中诱导多倍体。Nasonia 多倍体能在短时间内产生多代,是实验进化研究的有力工具。在 Nasonia 多倍体表型中观察到的强烈变异有助于鉴定多倍体机制,这些机制是进化死胡同与成功之间的区别所在。多倍体进化研究得益于数十年来对 Nasonia 的研究,这些研究产生了大量的参考组学数据集,促进了多倍体对基因组和转录组影响的高级研究。此外,还可以创建近交系(控制遗传背景效应)和外交系(进行多倍体选择制度)。通过种间杂交,还可以直接对比自多倍体(种内多倍体)和异源多倍体(杂交多倍体)。Nasonia 还可用于研究在生物防治中使用多倍体这一新兴领域,以改善田间表现和降低生态风险。总之,Nasonia 多倍体是研究各种生物范例的绝佳工具。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Creating insect neopolyploid lines to study animal polyploid evolution

Creating insect neopolyploid lines to study animal polyploid evolution

Whole-genome duplication (polyploidy) poses many complications but is an important driver for eukaryotic evolution. To experimentally study how many challenges from the cellular (including gene expression) to the life history levels are overcome in polyploid evolution, a system in which polyploidy can be reliably induced and sustained over generations is crucial. Until now, this has not been possible with animals, as polyploidy notoriously causes first-generation lethality. The parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis emerges as a stunningly well-suited model. Polyploidy can be induced in this haplodiploid system through (1) silencing genes in the sex determination cascade and (2) by colchicine injection to induce meiotic segregation failure. Nasonia polyploids produce many generations in a short time, making them a powerful tool for experimental evolution studies. The strong variation observed in Nasonia polyploid phenotypes aids the identification of polyploid mechanisms that are the difference between evolutionary dead ends and successes. Polyploid evolution research benefits from decades of Nasonia research that produced extensive reference—omics data sets, facilitating the advanced studies of polyploid effects on the genome and transcriptome. It is also possible to create both inbred lines (to control for genetic background effects) and outbred lines (to conduct polyploid selection regimes). The option of interspecific crossing further allows to directly contrast autopolyploidy (intraspecific polyploidy) to allopolyploidy (hybrid polyploidy). Nasonia can also be used to investigate the nascent field of using polyploidy in biological control to improve field performance and lower ecological risk. In short, Nasonia polyploids are an exceptional tool for researching various biological paradigms.

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来源期刊
Evolutionary Applications
Evolutionary Applications 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
7.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Evolutionary Applications is a fully peer reviewed open access journal. It publishes papers that utilize concepts from evolutionary biology to address biological questions of health, social and economic relevance. Papers are expected to employ evolutionary concepts or methods to make contributions to areas such as (but not limited to): medicine, agriculture, forestry, exploitation and management (fisheries and wildlife), aquaculture, conservation biology, environmental sciences (including climate change and invasion biology), microbiology, and toxicology. All taxonomic groups are covered from microbes, fungi, plants and animals. In order to better serve the community, we also now strongly encourage submissions of papers making use of modern molecular and genetic methods (population and functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenetics, quantitative genetics, association and linkage mapping) to address important questions in any of these disciplines and in an applied evolutionary framework. Theoretical, empirical, synthesis or perspective papers are welcome.
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