安第斯高原低盐湖泊中的砷、硒和汞标本:极端水平与生物多样性重新分配之间的联系

IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
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引用次数: 0

摘要

砷(As)和汞(Hg)是毒性很强的污染物,而硒(Se)既是人体必需的微量元素,浓度较高时也可能有害。玻利维亚高原南部的高盐度湖泊是当地特有物种的生态栖息地,预计也会富含这些有毒微量元素。人们对这种高海拔极端环境(如高紫外线辐射和高含盐量)中砷、汞和硒的生物地球化学仍知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们调查了南利佩兹地区(海拔 4200 米)科罗拉多湖(Lagunas Colorada,LC)、佛得角湖(Verde,LV)和布兰卡湖(Blanca,LB)的沉积物、水和空气样本中砷、汞和硒的浓度和化学形态(标本)。我们将它们与生物多样性(无脊椎动物、藻类和细菌)的分布进行了比较。在水中发现了极高的砷浓度(高达 82 毫克/升),砷的主要种类是无机砷(V),在水中和空气中均未检测到生物甲基化砷或挥发性砷。水中的硒浓度为 0.1 至 1.4 μg L-1,硒存在于不同的氧化还原状态下,即硒(IV)、硒(VI)和还原硒(0,-II),包括生物源甲基化硒(-II)(三甲基硒铵)。在水和空气样本中检测到了挥发性硒化合物(如二甲基硒化物)。与其他地区的水体相比,地表水中的汞含量较高(6 至 30 纳克/升),并检测到大量甲基汞和气态汞(0)。不同湖泊之间在砷、硒和汞的浓度和种类上的巨大差异,对这些极端水生系统中的砷、硒和汞循环具有重要影响。砷主要以氧化和非挥发性形式积累,而汞和硒的浓度则可以通过大量转化为还原和甲基化形式来控制,从而有效地逃逸到大气中。最后,盐度(包括主要离子)和高浓度砷是造成湖泊间生物多样性重新分配的主要原因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Arsenic, selenium, and mercury speciation in hypersaline lakes of the Andean Altiplano: Link between extreme levels and biodiversity repartition

Arsenic, selenium, and mercury speciation in hypersaline lakes of the Andean Altiplano: Link between extreme levels and biodiversity repartition

Arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) are highly toxic contaminants whereas selenium (Se) is both an essential trace element and potentially harmful at higher concentrations. The hyper-saline lakes of southern Bolivian Altiplano, which are ecological niches for endemic species, are also expected to be enriched in these toxic trace elements. The biogeochemistry of As, Hg, and Se in such high-altitude extreme environments (e.g., high UV radiation and salt content) remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the concentrations and chemical forms (speciation) of As, Hg, and Se in sediment, water, and air samples of Lagunas Colorada (LC), Verde (LV), and Blanca (LB) in the South Lipez region (>4200 m a.s.l.). We compared them with the repartition of biodiversity (invertebrates, algae, and bacteria). Extreme As concentrations were found in water (up to 82 mg L−1), and the main As species was inorganic As(V), with neither biogenic methylated As nor volatile As forms being detected in water and air, respectively. Se concentrations in water were of 0.1 to 1.4 μg L−1, and Se existed under different redox states, i.e., Se(IV), Se(VI), and reduced Se (0, -II), including biogenic methylated Se(-II) (trimethyl selenonium). Volatile Se compounds (e.g., dimethyl selenide) were detected in water and air samples. Hg was enriched in the surface water (6 to 30 ng L−1) compared to other regional water bodies, and a significant amount of methyl-Hg and gaseous Hg(0) was detected. The drastic disparity between As, Se and Hg concentrations and speciation between lakes has important implications for their cycling in these extreme aquatic systems. While As mostly accumulated in its oxidized and non-volatile form, Hg and Se concentrations can be controlled by significant conversion to reduced and methylated forms, allowing efficient evasion to the atmosphere. Finally, the salinity, including major ions, and high levels of As were among the main drivers of biodiversity repartition between lakes.

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来源期刊
Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
148
审稿时长
8.1 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics. Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to: define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas. analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation. evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment. trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices. assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment. determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis. assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches. Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.
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