Minimum habitat size required to detect new rare species

Conservation of species requires the protection of the associated suitable habitat. However, it is usually not known how much habitat is required to detect a single rare species. This problem is important, and it is related directly to the success and optimization of conservation planning. However, to date, no statistical methods have been developed to address this problem adequately. In this study, from a statistical sampling theory, we propose an estimator to estimate the minimum area required to conserve one or more additional new rare species. The estimator is highly accurate, as demonstrated by numerical tests. Applying the estimator in a tropical forest plot showed that the additional habitat size required for discovering an additional individual of a previously unseen tropical tree species is about 3.86 ha with a SE of 1.10 ha. In conclusion, the proposed estimator may be applied to conservation planning by assisting conservation biologists and policymakers to balance urban-related and conservation-related land uses by estimating the minimum detection areas required for species.