Eero A. Haapala, Marja H. Leppänen, Hannamari Skog, David R. Lubans, Anna Viitasalo, Niina Lintu, Petri Jalanko, Sara Määttä, Timo A. Lakka
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While higher levels of physical fitness may mitigate these problems, there is a lack of long-term follow-up studies on the associations of physical fitness from childhood with cognition and mental health in adolescence.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Objective</h3><p>We investigated the associations of physical fitness from childhood to adolescence over an 8-year follow-up with cognition and mental health in adolescence.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The participants were 241 adolescents (112 girls), who were 6–9 years at baseline and 15–17 years at 8-year follow-up. Average and change scores for cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal power output [<i>W</i><sub>max</sub>]; peak oxygen uptake [<i>V</i>O<sub>2peak</sub>]), motor fitness (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and muscular fitness (standing long jump; hand grip strength) were calculated. Global cognition score was computed from six individual cognitive tasks, and perceived stress and depressive symptoms were assessed at the 8-year follow-up. The data were analysed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and parental education.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Average motor fitness was positively associated with global cognition score (standardised regression coefficient [<i>β</i>] − 0.164, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.318 to − 0.010) and inversely with perceived stress (<i>β</i> = 0.182, 95% CI 0.032–0.333) and depressive symptoms (<i>β</i> = 0.181, 95% CI 0.028–0.333). Average cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with perceived stress (<i>W</i><sub>max</sub>: <i>β</i> = − 0.166, 95% CI − 0.296 to − 0.036; <i>V</i>O<sub>2peak</sub>: <i>β</i> = − 0.149, 95% CI − 0.295 to − 0.002) and depressive symptoms (<i>W</i><sub>max</sub>: <i>β</i> = − 0.276, 95% CI − 0.405 to − 0.147; <i>V</i>O<sub>2peak</sub>: <i>β</i> = − 0.247, 95% CI − 0.393 to − 0.102). A larger increase in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower perceived stress (<i>W</i><sub>max</sub>: <i>β</i> = − 0.158, 95% CI − 0.312 to − 0.003; <i>V</i>O<sub>2peak</sub>: <i>β</i> = − 0.220, 95% CI − 0.395 to − 0.044) and depressive symptoms (<i>W</i><sub>max</sub>: <i>β</i> = − 0.216, 95% CI − 0.371 to − 0.061; <i>V</i>O<sub>2peak</sub>: β = − 0.257, 95% CI − 0.433 to − 0.080).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Higher levels of motor fitness in childhood and adolescence were associated with better cognition in adolescence. Higher levels of and larger increases in cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence were associated with better mental health in adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":21969,"journal":{"name":"Sports Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Childhood Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Cognition and Mental Health in Adolescence: The PANIC Study\",\"authors\":\"Eero A. Haapala, Marja H. Leppänen, Hannamari Skog, David R. Lubans, Anna Viitasalo, Niina Lintu, Petri Jalanko, Sara Määttä, Timo A. Lakka\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s40279-024-02107-z\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Background</h3><p>Cognitive and mental health problems are highly prevalent in adolescence. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
背景认知和心理健康问题在青少年时期非常普遍。虽然较高水平的体能可以缓解这些问题，但目前还缺乏关于儿童期体能与青春期认知和心理健康关系的长期随访研究。方法参与者为 241 名青少年（112 名女生），基线年龄为 6-9 岁，随访 8 年时年龄为 15-17 岁。计算了心肺体能（最大输出功率[Wmax]；峰值摄氧量[VO2peak]）、运动体能（10 × 5 米往返跑）和肌肉体能（立定跳远；手握力）的平均分和变化分。根据六项单项认知任务计算总体认知得分，并在 8 年的随访中评估感知压力和抑郁症状。结果 平均运动能力与总体认知得分呈正相关（标准化回归系数[β] - 0.164，95% 置信区间[CI] - 0.318 至 - 0.010），与压力感（β = 0.182，95% CI 0.032-0.333）和抑郁症状（β = 0.181，95% CI 0.028-0.333）呈反相关。平均心肺功能与感知压力（Wmax: β = - 0.166, 95% CI - 0.296 to - 0.036; VO2peak: β = - 0.149, 95% CI - 0.295 to - 0.002）和抑郁症状（Wmax: β = - 0.276, 95% CI - 0.405 to - 0.147; VO2peak: β = - 0.247, 95% CI - 0.393 to - 0.102）成反比。心肺功能的大幅提高与较低的感知压力（Wmax: β = - 0.158, 95% CI - 0.312 to - 0.003; VO2peak: β = - 0.220, 95% CI - 0.395 to - 0.044）和抑郁症状（Wmax: β = - 0.216，95% CI - 0.371 至 - 0.061；VO2 峰值：β = - 0.257，95% CI - 0.433 至 - 0.080）。从儿童期到青春期，心肺功能水平越高、增幅越大，青春期的心理健康状况越好。
Childhood Physical Fitness as a Predictor of Cognition and Mental Health in Adolescence: The PANIC Study
Background
Cognitive and mental health problems are highly prevalent in adolescence. While higher levels of physical fitness may mitigate these problems, there is a lack of long-term follow-up studies on the associations of physical fitness from childhood with cognition and mental health in adolescence.
Objective
We investigated the associations of physical fitness from childhood to adolescence over an 8-year follow-up with cognition and mental health in adolescence.
Methods
The participants were 241 adolescents (112 girls), who were 6–9 years at baseline and 15–17 years at 8-year follow-up. Average and change scores for cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal power output [Wmax]; peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]), motor fitness (10 × 5-m shuttle run), and muscular fitness (standing long jump; hand grip strength) were calculated. Global cognition score was computed from six individual cognitive tasks, and perceived stress and depressive symptoms were assessed at the 8-year follow-up. The data were analysed using linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, and parental education.
Results
Average motor fitness was positively associated with global cognition score (standardised regression coefficient [β] − 0.164, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.318 to − 0.010) and inversely with perceived stress (β = 0.182, 95% CI 0.032–0.333) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.181, 95% CI 0.028–0.333). Average cardiorespiratory fitness was inversely associated with perceived stress (Wmax: β = − 0.166, 95% CI − 0.296 to − 0.036; VO2peak: β = − 0.149, 95% CI − 0.295 to − 0.002) and depressive symptoms (Wmax: β = − 0.276, 95% CI − 0.405 to − 0.147; VO2peak: β = − 0.247, 95% CI − 0.393 to − 0.102). A larger increase in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with lower perceived stress (Wmax: β = − 0.158, 95% CI − 0.312 to − 0.003; VO2peak: β = − 0.220, 95% CI − 0.395 to − 0.044) and depressive symptoms (Wmax: β = − 0.216, 95% CI − 0.371 to − 0.061; VO2peak: β = − 0.257, 95% CI − 0.433 to − 0.080).
Conclusions
Higher levels of motor fitness in childhood and adolescence were associated with better cognition in adolescence. Higher levels of and larger increases in cardiorespiratory fitness from childhood to adolescence were associated with better mental health in adolescence.
期刊介绍：
Sports Medicine focuses on providing definitive and comprehensive review articles that interpret and evaluate current literature, aiming to offer insights into research findings in the sports medicine and exercise field. The journal covers major topics such as sports medicine and sports science, medical syndromes associated with sport and exercise, clinical medicine's role in injury prevention and treatment, exercise for rehabilitation and health, and the application of physiological and biomechanical principles to specific sports.
Types of Articles:
Review Articles: Definitive and comprehensive reviews that interpret and evaluate current literature to provide rationale for and application of research findings.
Leading/Current Opinion Articles: Overviews of contentious or emerging issues in the field.
Original Research Articles: High-quality research articles.
Enhanced Features: Additional features like slide sets, videos, and animations aimed at increasing the visibility, readership, and educational value of the journal's content.
Plain Language Summaries: Summaries accompanying articles to assist readers in understanding important medical advances.
Peer Review Process:
All manuscripts undergo peer review by international experts to ensure quality and rigor. The journal also welcomes Letters to the Editor, which will be considered for publication.
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