将鹦鹉的商业化人工繁殖作为解决不可持续贸易的供应方干预措施的审查。

IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Alisa Davies, Neil D'Cruze, Rowan Martin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近几十年来,鹦鹉的商业人工繁殖数量和规模急剧增长。尽管有人提出并经常假设人工繁殖可以减轻野生种群的压力,但与其他濒危类群(如穿山甲或老虎)的类似方法相比,人工繁殖在防止鹦鹉过度开发方面的规模、可行性或影响却很少受到关注。我们查阅了主要文献和灰色文献,对有关鹦鹉商业人工繁殖作为有效供应方干预措施的 5 项先验标准的证据进行了定量和定性评估。我们重点研究了 16 种濒危鹦鹉,这些鹦鹉的贸易量很大,或者不可持续的贸易是导致野生种群数量下降的一个因素,它们代表了不同的分类群、生活史和原产地。我们发现,在了解这些标准的满足程度方面存在多个重大差距,包括缺乏有关当前商业繁殖实践下繁殖生产力的定量数据、在不断增长的鹦鹉市场(尤其是中东和亚洲)中商业繁殖实践的规模和范围,以及在有效监管下圈养繁殖缺乏经济可行性以防止洗钱或将野生来源的标本用作繁殖种群。人工饲养取代对野生鹦鹉需求的能力因物种而异,不同物种和环境下贸易之间复杂的相互作用有时使商业生产的后果难以预测。决策者和监管机构应谨慎对待鹦鹉的商业化人工繁殖,并考虑到知识差距和不同物种贸易之间的交叉联系,以避免因刺激和促进不可持续的野生鹦鹉贸易而产生意想不到的后果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

A review of commercial captive breeding of parrots as a supply-side intervention to address unsustainable trade

A review of commercial captive breeding of parrots as a supply-side intervention to address unsustainable trade

The volume and scale of commercial captive breeding of parrots have grown dramatically in recent decades. Although it has been proposed, and is often assumed, that captive breeding can reduce pressure on wild populations, there has been little scrutiny of the scale, viability, or impacts of captive breeding to prevent overexploitation among parrots, compared with similar approaches in other threatened taxa, such as pangolins or tigers. We reviewed the primary and gray literature to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate evidence concerning 5 criteria, established a priori, for commercial captive breeding of parrots as an effective supply-side intervention. We focused on a sample of 16 threatened parrot species that are heavily traded or for which unsustainable trade has been a factor in the decline of wild populations, representing a range of taxonomic groups, life histories, and native regions. We identified multiple major gaps in knowledge of the extent to which these criteria are met, including a lack of quantitative data on breeding productivity under current commercial breeding practices, the scale and scope of commercial breeding practices in growing parrot markets, particularly in the Middle East and Asia, and the lack of financial viability of captive breeding under effective regulation to prevent laundering or use of wild-sourced specimens as breeding stock. The capacity for captive breeding to displace demand for wild-sourced parrots varied between species, and complex interactions between trade in different species and contexts sometimes made consequences of commercial production difficult to predict. Decision makers and regulatory authorities should approach commercial captive breeding of parrots with caution and take into account knowledge gaps and cross-linkages between trade in different species to avoid unanticipated consequences from stimulating and facilitating unsustainable trade in wild-sourced parrots.

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来源期刊
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.
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