履行《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》规定的可持续贸易国家义务的实用方法。

IF 5.2 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Tanvi Vaidyanathan, Sarah J. Foster, B. Ramkumar, Amanda C. J. Vincent
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引用次数: 0

摘要

要使保护目标与资源的可持续利用相协调,就必须制定适应性管理战略。濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)对附录 II 所列物种的全球贸易进行监管,其部分做法是要求成员国(缔约方)确保出口不会损害野生种群(称为做出积极的 "无害结论"[NDFs])。遗憾的是,当缔约方发现 NDFs 难以实现时,往往会暂停合法贸易,从而造成经济损失,并使贸易转入地下。为了让各方更容易审查出口的有害性,我们设计了一种空间方法,并以印度泰米尔纳德邦的海马(Hippocampus spp.)我们的方法包括绘制物种分布(QA)、压力(QB)、管理措施(QC)、管理实施(QD)和物种数量状况(QE)这 5 个关键问题的答案图。我们从渔民访谈和出版的文献中收集了数据。海马数量最多的地区是巴尔干湾南部和马纳尔湾北部,主要分布在海草和珊瑚礁中(QA)。巴尔克湾的捕捞压力最大,主要来自底拖网渔船和在海岸线附近浅海海马栖息地作业的拖网渔船(QB)。管理措施包括海洋保护区 (MPA)、底拖网禁渔区和禁渔期,这些措施在理论上已经到位(质量控制),但执行不力(质量控制)。渔民报告在海洋保护区和禁渔区覆盖的 85% 区域捕获了海马;底拖网渔船对大多数违规行为负有责任。在禁止底拖网捕捞的斯里兰卡水域也捕获了海马。渔民报告显示,海马的捕获量在下降,体型(QE)也在缩小,这表明海马的开发是不可持续的。我们的研究结果突出表明,在制定积极的 NDF 之前,需要更好地执行现有的管理措施,并建议采取禁令之外的缓解措施。这种务实的空间分析有助于将出口控制在可持续的水平,支持《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)对大量物种的实施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

A practical approach to meeting national obligations for sustainable trade under CITES

A practical approach to meeting national obligations for sustainable trade under CITES

Reconciling conservation goals with sustainable resource use requires adaptive management strategies. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) regulates global trade for species listed on Appendix II, partly by requiring member countries (parties) to ensure exports do not damage wild populations (called making positive “nondetriment findings” [NDFs]). Unfortunately, when parties find NDFs difficult, they often suspend legal trade, imposing economic costs and driving trade underground. To make it easier for parties to examine the detrimental nature of exports, we devised a spatial approach and applied it to seahorses (Hippocampus spp.) in Tamil Nadu, India, as an example. Our approach involves mapping answers to 5 key questions on species distribution (QA), pressures (QB), management measures (QC), management implementation (QD), and species’ population status (QE). We gathered data from fisher interviews and published literature. Seahorse abundance was greatest in southern Palk Bay and the northern Gulf of Mannar, primarily in seagrasses and coral reefs (QA). Fishing pressure was highest in Palk Bay, primarily from bottom trawlers and dragnetters operating in shallow seahorse habitats near the coastline (QB). Management measures including a marine protected area (MPA), bottom trawl exclusion zone, and closed season were theoretically in place (QC), but their implementation was poor (QD). Fishers reported seahorse catches in 85% of the area covered by the MPA and the exclusion zone; bottom trawlers were responsible for most violations. Seahorses were also captured in Sri Lankan waters, where bottom trawling is banned. Fisher reports indicated declining seahorse catches and reduced body sizes (QE), highlighting unsustainable exploitation. Our results highlight the need for better implementation of existing management measures before a positive NDF can be made and suggest mitigation beyond bans. Such pragmatic spatial analyses can help regulate exports at sustainable levels, supporting CITES implementation for its vast range of species.

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来源期刊
Conservation Biology
Conservation Biology 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
12.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
175
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Conservation Biology welcomes submissions that address the science and practice of conserving Earth's biological diversity. We encourage submissions that emphasize issues germane to any of Earth''s ecosystems or geographic regions and that apply diverse approaches to analyses and problem solving. Nevertheless, manuscripts with relevance to conservation that transcend the particular ecosystem, species, or situation described will be prioritized for publication.
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