Yongjie Huang, Ming Xue, Xiao-Ming Hu, Elinor Martin, Hector Mayol Novoa, Renee A. McPherson, Changhai Liu, Kyoko Ikeda, Roy Rasmussen, Andreas F. Prein, Andres Vitaliano Perez, Isaac Yanqui Morales, José Luis Ticona Jara, Auria Julieta Flores Luna
{"title":"秘鲁中安第斯山脉降水和中尺度对流系统在五年多次对流许可模拟中的特征","authors":"Yongjie Huang, Ming Xue, Xiao-Ming Hu, Elinor Martin, Hector Mayol Novoa, Renee A. McPherson, Changhai Liu, Kyoko Ikeda, Roy Rasmussen, Andreas F. Prein, Andres Vitaliano Perez, Isaac Yanqui Morales, José Luis Ticona Jara, Auria Julieta Flores Luna","doi":"10.1029/2023JD040394","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with two planetary boundary layer schemes, ACM2 and MYNN, convection-permitting model (CPM) regional climate simulations were conducted for a 6-year period, including a one-year spin-up period, at a 15-km grid spacing covering entire South America and a nested convection-permitting 3-km grid spacing covering the Peruvian central Andes region. These two CPM simulations along with a 4-km simulation covering South America produced by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), three gridded precipitation products, and rain gauge data in Peru and Brazil, are used to document the characteristics of precipitation and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Peruvian central Andes region. Results show that all km-scale simulations generally capture the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation and MCSs at both seasonal and diurnal scales, although biases exist in aspects such as precipitation intensity and MCS frequency, size, propagation speed, and associated precipitation intensity. The 3-km simulation using MYNN scheme generally outperforms the other simulations in capturing seasonal and diurnal precipitation over the mountain, while both it and the 4-km simulation demonstrate superior performance in the western Amazon Basin, based on the comparison to the gridded precipitation products and gauge data. Dynamic factors, primarily low-level jet and terrain-induced uplift, are the key drivers for precipitation and MCS genesis along the east slope of the Andes, while thermodynamic factors control the precipitation and MCS activity in the western Amazon Basin and over elevated mountainous regions. The study suggests model improvements and better model configurations for future regional climate projections.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Characteristics of Precipitation and Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the Peruvian Central Andes in Multi 5-Year Convection-Permitting Simulations\",\"authors\":\"Yongjie Huang, Ming Xue, Xiao-Ming Hu, Elinor Martin, Hector Mayol Novoa, Renee A. McPherson, Changhai Liu, Kyoko Ikeda, Roy Rasmussen, Andreas F. Prein, Andres Vitaliano Perez, Isaac Yanqui Morales, José Luis Ticona Jara, Auria Julieta Flores Luna\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2023JD040394\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with two planetary boundary layer schemes, ACM2 and MYNN, convection-permitting model (CPM) regional climate simulations were conducted for a 6-year period, including a one-year spin-up period, at a 15-km grid spacing covering entire South America and a nested convection-permitting 3-km grid spacing covering the Peruvian central Andes region. These two CPM simulations along with a 4-km simulation covering South America produced by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), three gridded precipitation products, and rain gauge data in Peru and Brazil, are used to document the characteristics of precipitation and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Peruvian central Andes region. Results show that all km-scale simulations generally capture the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation and MCSs at both seasonal and diurnal scales, although biases exist in aspects such as precipitation intensity and MCS frequency, size, propagation speed, and associated precipitation intensity. The 3-km simulation using MYNN scheme generally outperforms the other simulations in capturing seasonal and diurnal precipitation over the mountain, while both it and the 4-km simulation demonstrate superior performance in the western Amazon Basin, based on the comparison to the gridded precipitation products and gauge data. Dynamic factors, primarily low-level jet and terrain-induced uplift, are the key drivers for precipitation and MCS genesis along the east slope of the Andes, while thermodynamic factors control the precipitation and MCS activity in the western Amazon Basin and over elevated mountainous regions. 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Characteristics of Precipitation and Mesoscale Convective Systems Over the Peruvian Central Andes in Multi 5-Year Convection-Permitting Simulations
Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with two planetary boundary layer schemes, ACM2 and MYNN, convection-permitting model (CPM) regional climate simulations were conducted for a 6-year period, including a one-year spin-up period, at a 15-km grid spacing covering entire South America and a nested convection-permitting 3-km grid spacing covering the Peruvian central Andes region. These two CPM simulations along with a 4-km simulation covering South America produced by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), three gridded precipitation products, and rain gauge data in Peru and Brazil, are used to document the characteristics of precipitation and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Peruvian central Andes region. Results show that all km-scale simulations generally capture the spatiotemporal patterns of precipitation and MCSs at both seasonal and diurnal scales, although biases exist in aspects such as precipitation intensity and MCS frequency, size, propagation speed, and associated precipitation intensity. The 3-km simulation using MYNN scheme generally outperforms the other simulations in capturing seasonal and diurnal precipitation over the mountain, while both it and the 4-km simulation demonstrate superior performance in the western Amazon Basin, based on the comparison to the gridded precipitation products and gauge data. Dynamic factors, primarily low-level jet and terrain-induced uplift, are the key drivers for precipitation and MCS genesis along the east slope of the Andes, while thermodynamic factors control the precipitation and MCS activity in the western Amazon Basin and over elevated mountainous regions. The study suggests model improvements and better model configurations for future regional climate projections.
期刊介绍:
JGR: Atmospheres publishes articles that advance and improve understanding of atmospheric properties and processes, including the interaction of the atmosphere with other components of the Earth system.