金沙江虎跳峡末次冰期以来的溃决洪水事件:来自涡流砾石条的地貌证据

IF 3.1 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL
Xiaoling Huang , Yuzhu Zhang , Yongqiang Guo , Yonggang Ge , Peini Mao , Tao Liu , Sikai Wang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

横跨玉龙-哈巴山脉的金沙江虎跳峡天然大坝溃决是亚洲第一大河的重大地貌事件之一。自末次冰川极盛时期(LGM)以来,灾难性洪水事件对长江第一弯的地貌演变产生了重要影响。然而,溃决洪水的详细地貌证据、年代和沉积阶段仍不清楚。本文分析了大余盆地内覆盖在河流阶地和堰塞湖上的大型砾石条。特大洪水地貌厚度大、砾石条均匀,其宏观地貌特征与米苏拉特大洪水和阿尔泰特大洪水相似。形态分析表明,具有韵律结构的涡状砾石条(EGBs)在横断面上表现为圆顶状突起,在纵断面上表现为砾石丘。我们从水平和垂直方向分析了每个条带的斜层理、平行层理和块状层理。三个穹顶形条石清晰地显示出至少三个古洪水阶段。石英颗粒表面的宏纹理主要是 V 形凹坑和螺纹状断裂,显示了洪水期间的高能环境。EGB 的地层序列模型以高能量涡流环境中的粗砂和细砾石节理层理和低能量背水环境中的悬浮砂沉积为主。这种现象揭示了特大洪水的波动,地球化学差异也证实了这一点。由构造活动和冰川波动引发的自然溃坝洪水的年代为 20-17 ka 年的全新统时期。EGBs的沉积模式为理解长江上游特大洪水地貌特征提供了新的见解,也为更好地识别青藏高原东南部类似的高能古洪水地貌提供了新的线索。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Outburst flood events since the Last Glacial Maximum in the Hutiao Gorge of Jinsha River: Geomorphological evidence from eddy gravel bars

Breaching of natural dams in the Hutiao Gorge of the Jinsha River across the Yulong-Haba Mountains is one of the major geomorphological events in the largest river of Asia. Catastrophic flood events have an important influence on the geomorphological evolution of the First Bend of the Yangtze River since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). However, detailed geomorphological evidence, ages, and depositional phases of outburst flooding remain unclear. In this paper, large-scale gravel bars overlying the river terraces and dammed lakes are analyzed within the Daju Basin. The macroscopic geomorphological characteristics of megaflood landforms with large thickness and uniform gravel bars are similar to those of Missoula and Altai megafloods. Morphological analysis shows that eddy gravel bars (EGBs) with rhythmic structure are characterized by a dome-shaped protrusion in the cross section and a gravel mound in the longitudinal section. Each bar with oblique, parallel and massive bedding was analyzed from the horizontal and vertical directions. Three dome-shaped bars clearly show at least three palaeoflood phases. Quartz grain surface macrotextures are mainly V-shaped pits and conchoidal fractures, which exhibits a high-energy environment during the flood. The stratigraphic sequence model of EGBs is dominated by coarse sand and fine gravel rhythmic bedding in high-energy eddy environments and suspended sand deposits in low-energy backwater environments. Such phenomenon reveals megaflood fluctuates, which is also confirmed by geochemical difference. The episode of natural dam break floods triggered by tectonic activity and glacier fluctuation was dated to 20–17 ka during the LGM. Sedimentary pattern of EGBs offers fresh insights into understanding the megaflood geomorphological characteristics of the upper Yangtze River and better identification similar high-energy palaeoflood landforms in the southeast Tibetan Plateau.

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来源期刊
Geomorphology
Geomorphology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
10.30%
发文量
309
审稿时长
3.4 months
期刊介绍: Our journal''s scope includes geomorphic themes of: tectonics and regional structure; glacial processes and landforms; fluvial sequences, Quaternary environmental change and dating; fluvial processes and landforms; mass movement, slopes and periglacial processes; hillslopes and soil erosion; weathering, karst and soils; aeolian processes and landforms, coastal dunes and arid environments; coastal and marine processes, estuaries and lakes; modelling, theoretical and quantitative geomorphology; DEM, GIS and remote sensing methods and applications; hazards, applied and planetary geomorphology; and volcanics.
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