Exploring progress in binary and ternary nanocomposites for photoelectrochemical water splitting: A comprehensive review

Nanocomposites have become increasingly important in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, considerably improving stability and efficiency. By including nanoscale components, these composites improve light absorption, charge separation, and catalytic activity. Their large surface areas enable effective catalytic reactions, and their electrical characteristics may be precisely controlled. A new assessment underlines their crucial significance in overcoming the constraints of conventional materials and hastening the development of sustainable hydrogen production techniques. Nanocomposites, by enhancing PEC water-splitting systems, are crucial for developing more efficient and less cost-effective hydrogen generating techniques. The review focuses on the crucial function of binary and ternary nanocomposites in improving PEC water splitting. It discusses new advancements, including synthesis methodologies and structural design ideas for improving the performance of PEC devices. The review investigates the synergistic features of several material combinations, including sulfides, carbon, GO and g-C₃N₄ – based materials, in catalyzing water-splitting reactions. It gives mechanistic insights into the improved PEC activity of these nanocomposites, focusing on charge separation mechanisms and interface engineering. Additionally, the review discusses recent advances in manufacturing procedures. It explores the problems and opportunities for incorporating binary and ternary nanocomposites into practical PEC devices for large-scale hydrogen production, providing important insights for renewable energy research.