A meta-analysis of employee perceptions of CSR in tourism and hospitality: Antecedents, outcomes, and boundaries

Despite the increasing empirical research on CSR, scholars lack a systematic and holistic understanding of the mechanisms by which employees perceive CSR. This paper presents a meta-analytical study and builds a framework of employee perceptions of CSR and their antecedents, outcomes, and conditional variables in tourism and hospitality. Results based on 143 correlations from 65 studies indicated that employee perceptions of CSR are related to antecedents including transformational, ethical, and servant leadership, as well as related to outcomes including firm performance, reputation, employee psychological states, and behavioural responses. The study examined potential moderating variables including national culture, industry type, and COVID-19 pandemic phase. This meta-analytic research promotes the advancement of the employee perceptions of CSR literature and provides effective guidance for managers to understand CSR practices.