沼气沼渣作为潜在氮源可提高土壤肥力、水稻氮代谢和产量

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Wenbin Liu , Bo Yao , Youxiang Xu , Shuting Dai , Mei Wang , Jiawei Ma , Zhengqian Ye , Dan Liu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的用沼气沼渣替代化肥可以减轻化肥对土壤质量的负面影响,促进畜禽粪便的循环利用。本研究旨在评估鸡粪沼气沼渣替代化肥在水稻种植中的效果,评估土壤养分动态、细菌群落、氮(N)代谢酶活性和水稻生长情况。方法本研究设置了六个处理:不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、不同比例的沼气沼渣和其他氮替代肥料(25 %、50 %、75 % 和 100 %TP)。实验结果表明,施用沼气沼渣能促进水稻生长,而沼气沼渣剂量越大,叶片叶绿素 SPAD 值越高,水稻成熟期越晚。与 CF 处理相比,75% TP 处理显著提高了水稻产量和经济收益。沼渣提高了水稻叶片和籽粒中硝酸还原酶(NTR)、谷氨酸合成酶(GTS)、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GLS)、谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶(GOT)和谷氨酸丙酮酸转氨酶(GPT)的活性,从而提高了籽粒中氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质的含量。与 CK 处理相比,施用沼气沼渣使土壤 pH 值、土壤有机质、碱性氮、可利用磷和可利用钾分别提高了 22.14 %、37.04 %、39.38 % 和 39.40 %。它还提高了土壤中硝酸氮、铵态氮和可溶性有机氮的含量。此外,施用沼气沼渣还显著(p < 0.05)提高了土壤细菌群落的多样性和稳定性,以及氮代谢功能基因的丰度。在稻田中施用沼渣不仅能减少化肥用量,还能提高土壤养分含量和微生物多样性。它还能进一步促进水稻的生长和氮代谢酶的活性,有利于提高水稻的产量和质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Biogas digestate as a potential nitrogen source enhances soil fertility, rice nitrogen metabolism and yield

Purpose

Substituting chemical fertilizers with biogas digestate can mitigate the negative impacts of fertilizers on soil quality to promote the recycling of livestock manure. This study aims to evaluate the effects of chicken manure biogas digestate as a replacement for chemical fertilizers in rice cultivation, assessing soil nutrients dynamics, bacterial communities, nitrogen (N) metabolism enzyme activity, and rice growth.

Methods

In this study, six treatments were established: no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), and varying proportions of biogas digestate and other N substitution fertilizers (25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 %TP). A three-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil nutrient levels, bacterial community abundance, N functional gene expression, rice growth conditions, and N metabolism enzyme activities using standard physical and chemical methods, high-throughput sequencing, and enzyme activity assays.

Results

Our experimental results showed that biogas digestate application promoted rice growth, while the higher biogas digestate doses increased the leaf chlorophyll SPAD values and delayed rice maturity. Compared to the CF treatment, the 75 % TP treatment significantly enhanced rice yield and economic returns. Biogas digestate increased the activities of nitrate reductase (NTR), glutamate synthase (GTS), glutamine synthetase (GLS), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in rice leaves and grains, leading to the higher amino acid and soluble protein contents in the grains. Compared to the CK treatment, biogas digestate application increased soil pH, soil organic matter, alkaline N, available phosphorus, and available potassium by 22.14 %, 37.04 %, 39.38 %, and 39.40 %, respectively. It also enhanced the levels of nitrate N, ammonium N, and soluble organic N in soil. Furthermore, biogas digestate application significantly (p < 0.05) improved soil bacterial community diversity and stability, as well as the abundance of N metabolism functional genes.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that substituting 75 % of chemical fertilizers with biogas digestate can serve as an optimal application rate for rice cultivation. This application in paddy field does not only reduce chemical fertilizer usage but also enhance soil nutrient content and microbial diversity. It further promotes rice growth and N metabolism enzyme activity, benefiting the increase of both rice yield and quality.

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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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