Tianliang Li , Wei Liu , Haohao Gao , Nian Wang , Kairui Xia , Ruiya Li , Yuegang Tan , Zude Zhou
{"title":"基于 FBG 的力传感技术，用于智能螺栓的温度自我补偿","authors":"Tianliang Li , Wei Liu , Haohao Gao , Nian Wang , Kairui Xia , Ruiya Li , Yuegang Tan , Zude Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115872","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small variations in bolt component connection can have significant impacts on equipment operating safety and efficiency. A comprehensive understanding of the bolted status supports the equipment optimizing in in-situ health monitoring. Therefore, an improved bolt force measurement method is looking forward. Given the minimally invasive nature, potential for multi-parameter measuring, and ability to operate in harsh conditions, optic fiber sensors present an opportunity for equipment in-situ health monitoring. This paper first strengthened the confidence in embedding optic fiber force sensors within the bolts. Additionally, the FBG temperature self-compensation method is employed and successfully improved the force measurement accuracy, compared with the existing studies. The smart bolt configuration (addictively manufactured) refers to the standard bolt dimensions and integrates a metallized FBG optical fiber with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm. Then, the sensor performance was investigated through a series of routine mechanics tests and reports the force sensitivity of the designed smart bolt is 13.06 pm/kN (for M10 bolts) and 14.59 pm/kN (for M12 bolts), respectively. In dynamic force loading tests, the error of the sensor is within 4.95 %, and the maximum force detection error after temperature compensation is within 8.03 %, indicating an improved bolt force measuring accuracy. The anti-creep and anti-torque interference tests were undertaken to confirm the designed smart bolts are adequate for long-term service. The bolt vibration and connection test results have proved the mechanical solidity and reliability under extreme working conditions. This investigation confirms the viability of installing optic fiber force sensors in a bolt component. Confidence was established that the smart bolts have the advantages of compact structure, improved force detection accuracy, good reliability, and support for modern equipment in-situ health monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":4,"journal":{"name":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"FBG-based force sensing with temperature self-compensation for smart bolts\",\"authors\":\"Tianliang Li , Wei Liu , Haohao Gao , Nian Wang , Kairui Xia , Ruiya Li , Yuegang Tan , Zude Zhou\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.sna.2024.115872\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Small variations in bolt component connection can have significant impacts on equipment operating safety and efficiency. A comprehensive understanding of the bolted status supports the equipment optimizing in in-situ health monitoring. Therefore, an improved bolt force measurement method is looking forward. Given the minimally invasive nature, potential for multi-parameter measuring, and ability to operate in harsh conditions, optic fiber sensors present an opportunity for equipment in-situ health monitoring. This paper first strengthened the confidence in embedding optic fiber force sensors within the bolts. Additionally, the FBG temperature self-compensation method is employed and successfully improved the force measurement accuracy, compared with the existing studies. The smart bolt configuration (addictively manufactured) refers to the standard bolt dimensions and integrates a metallized FBG optical fiber with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm. Then, the sensor performance was investigated through a series of routine mechanics tests and reports the force sensitivity of the designed smart bolt is 13.06 pm/kN (for M10 bolts) and 14.59 pm/kN (for M12 bolts), respectively. In dynamic force loading tests, the error of the sensor is within 4.95 %, and the maximum force detection error after temperature compensation is within 8.03 %, indicating an improved bolt force measuring accuracy. The anti-creep and anti-torque interference tests were undertaken to confirm the designed smart bolts are adequate for long-term service. The bolt vibration and connection test results have proved the mechanical solidity and reliability under extreme working conditions. This investigation confirms the viability of installing optic fiber force sensors in a bolt component. Confidence was established that the smart bolts have the advantages of compact structure, improved force detection accuracy, good reliability, and support for modern equipment in-situ health monitoring.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":4,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"ACS Applied Energy Materials\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"ACS Applied Energy Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424724008665\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"ACS Applied Energy Materials","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924424724008665","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
FBG-based force sensing with temperature self-compensation for smart bolts
Small variations in bolt component connection can have significant impacts on equipment operating safety and efficiency. A comprehensive understanding of the bolted status supports the equipment optimizing in in-situ health monitoring. Therefore, an improved bolt force measurement method is looking forward. Given the minimally invasive nature, potential for multi-parameter measuring, and ability to operate in harsh conditions, optic fiber sensors present an opportunity for equipment in-situ health monitoring. This paper first strengthened the confidence in embedding optic fiber force sensors within the bolts. Additionally, the FBG temperature self-compensation method is employed and successfully improved the force measurement accuracy, compared with the existing studies. The smart bolt configuration (addictively manufactured) refers to the standard bolt dimensions and integrates a metallized FBG optical fiber with a diameter of less than 0.5 mm. Then, the sensor performance was investigated through a series of routine mechanics tests and reports the force sensitivity of the designed smart bolt is 13.06 pm/kN (for M10 bolts) and 14.59 pm/kN (for M12 bolts), respectively. In dynamic force loading tests, the error of the sensor is within 4.95 %, and the maximum force detection error after temperature compensation is within 8.03 %, indicating an improved bolt force measuring accuracy. The anti-creep and anti-torque interference tests were undertaken to confirm the designed smart bolts are adequate for long-term service. The bolt vibration and connection test results have proved the mechanical solidity and reliability under extreme working conditions. This investigation confirms the viability of installing optic fiber force sensors in a bolt component. Confidence was established that the smart bolts have the advantages of compact structure, improved force detection accuracy, good reliability, and support for modern equipment in-situ health monitoring.
期刊介绍：
ACS Applied Energy Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of materials, engineering, chemistry, physics and biology relevant to energy conversion and storage. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrate knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, and chemistry into important energy applications.
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