精神分裂症决策建模:计算得出的风险倾向与自我报告的风险认知之间的关联。

IF 5.3 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Emma N Herms, Joshua W Brown, Krista M Wisner, William P Hetrick, David H Zald, John R Purcell
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景和假设:精神分裂症与不确定风险决策过程中对风险奖励的追求减少有关。然而,人们对这种不利的风险奖励追求的潜在机制,如认知和相关特征的贡献,仍然知之甚少:研究设计:参与者(30 名精神分裂症/分裂情感障碍患者 [SZ];30 名对比参与者 [CP])完成气球模拟风险任务(BART)。计算模型捕捉了不确定风险决策的子过程:风险倾向、成功的先验信念、学习率和行为一致性。研究人员还考察了智商、自我报告的风险特定过程(即感知风险和风险预期收益)和非风险特定特征(即失败主义信念;享乐主义基调)与风险倾向的关系,以确定是什么导致了风险报酬追求的差异:在 BART 中,SZ 组表现出较低的风险倾向、较高的成功先验信念和可比的学习率。此外,各组的风险倾向与智商呈正相关。预测风险倾向的线性模型显示出两种相互作用:一个是组别与感知风险之间的交互作用,另一个是智商与感知风险之间的交互作用。具体来说,在 SZ 组和智商低于中位数的个人中,较低的感知风险与较低的风险倾向有关。因此,对金融风险的较低感知与追求不确定风险回报的较低优势有关:研究结果表明,深圳人在巴铁上的冒险行为持续减少,可能反映了他们对风险的不感知,即未能准确感知和利用相关信息来指导对风险回报的有利追求。此外,我们的研究结果还强调了认知在不确定风险决策中的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Modeling Decision-Making in Schizophrenia: Associations Between Computationally Derived Risk Propensity and Self-Reported Risk Perception.

Background and hypothesis: Schizophrenia is associated with a decreased pursuit of risky rewards during uncertain-risk decision-making. However, putative mechanisms subserving this disadvantageous risky reward pursuit, such as contributions of cognition and relevant traits, remain poorly understood.

Study design: Participants (30 schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder [SZ]; 30 comparison participants [CP]) completed the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Computational modeling captured subprocesses of uncertain-risk decision-making: Risk Propensity, Prior Belief of Success, Learning Rate, and Behavioral Consistency. IQ, self-reported risk-specific processes (ie, Perceived Risks and Expected Benefit of Risks), and non-risk-specific traits (ie, defeatist beliefs; hedonic tone) were examined for relationships with Risk Propensity to determine what contributed to differences in risky reward pursuit.

Study results: On the BART, the SZ group exhibited lower Risk Propensity, higher Prior Beliefs of Success, and comparable Learning Rates. Furthermore, Risk Propensity was positively associated with IQ across groups. Linear models predicting Risk Propensity revealed 2 interactions: 1 between group and Perceived Risk, and 1 between IQ and Perceived Risk. Specifically, in both the SZ group and individuals with below median IQ, lower Perceived Risks was related to lower Risk Propensity. Thus, lower perception of financial risks was associated with a less advantageous pursuit of uncertain-risk rewards.

Conclusions: Findings suggest consistently decreased risk-taking on the BART in SZ may reflect risk imperception, the failure to accurately perceive and leverage relevant information to guide the advantageous pursuit of risky rewards. Additionally, our results highlight the importance of cognition in uncertain-risk decision-making.

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来源期刊
Schizophrenia Bulletin
Schizophrenia Bulletin 医学-精神病学
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
6.10%
发文量
163
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Schizophrenia Bulletin seeks to review recent developments and empirically based hypotheses regarding the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. We view the field as broad and deep, and will publish new knowledge ranging from the molecular basis to social and cultural factors. We will give new emphasis to translational reports which simultaneously highlight basic neurobiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Some of the Bulletin content is invited as special features or manuscripts organized as a theme by special guest editors. Most pages of the Bulletin are devoted to unsolicited manuscripts of high quality that report original data or where we can provide a special venue for a major study or workshop report. Supplement issues are sometimes provided for manuscripts reporting from a recent conference.
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