{"title":"作物种植、耕作和残留物管理对水稻-小麦系统的碳输入、土壤固碳、作物产量和收益率的 14 年影响","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127324","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improvements of soil organic carbon and reduction of carbon footprint are critical for the sustainability of agricultural production system. In a 14-year (2006–2020) field experiment, we assessed the effects of conservational (reduced/zero) tillage and residue management (incorporation/retention) (CsT+RM) practices on carbon input, carbon sequestration, productivity and profitability rice-wheat system (RWS) in western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India. Experiment consisted one scenario of conventional tillage (Sc-1: Puddle transplanted rice - conventional tilled wheat); and four scenarios of CsT+RM that are, Sc-2: Reduce tilled direct seeded rice (RTDSR) - reduce tilled wheat (RTW); Sc-3: RTDSR-RTW + 1/3rd residue incorporation (RI); Sc-4: Zero tilled direct seeded rice (ZTDST)-zero tilled wheat (ZTW); and Sc-5: ZTDSR-ZTW + 1/3rd residue retention (RR). Overall, 14-years mean DSR yield significantly (p < 0.05) lowered (9.0–22.0 %), and wheat yield significantly increased (4.4–9.2 %) in CsT+RM practices as compared to Sc-1. The mean RWS yield lowered by 1.0–3.8 % in reduced tillage and 6.3–9.3 % in zero tillage, along with 10.9–17.4 % lower cost of cultivation and nonsignificant higher return over variable cost under CsT+RM practices. The sustainable yield index of DSR was lower (0.50–0.58), and wheat was higher (SYI; 0.65–0.69) in indicating the low sustainability of DSR and better sustainability of wheat in CsT+RM. The long-term CsT+RM caused net enrichment in SOC stock by 2.4–21.0 %, and carbon sequestration from 9.9 % to 87.0 % in different scenarios over Sc-1. In order to counterbalance the loss of SOC and maintain its level, a critical amount of 1.17 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> need to be added into the soil. The CsT+RM thus enhanced the SOC stock and sequestration in the soil and provided at par system yield in reduced tillage and lower yield in zero tillage grown RWS. Further, better management of DSR including development of suitable genotype for direct seeding, ensuring uniform crop establishment, weed and micronutrient management under reduced/zero tillage is needed for long-term sustainability of DSR-ZTW system in the western IGP of India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51045,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Agronomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Fourteen-years impact of crop establishment, tillage and residue management on carbon input, soil carbon sequestration, crop productivity and profitability of rice-wheat system\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127324\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Improvements of soil organic carbon and reduction of carbon footprint are critical for the sustainability of agricultural production system. In a 14-year (2006–2020) field experiment, we assessed the effects of conservational (reduced/zero) tillage and residue management (incorporation/retention) (CsT+RM) practices on carbon input, carbon sequestration, productivity and profitability rice-wheat system (RWS) in western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India. Experiment consisted one scenario of conventional tillage (Sc-1: Puddle transplanted rice - conventional tilled wheat); and four scenarios of CsT+RM that are, Sc-2: Reduce tilled direct seeded rice (RTDSR) - reduce tilled wheat (RTW); Sc-3: RTDSR-RTW + 1/3rd residue incorporation (RI); Sc-4: Zero tilled direct seeded rice (ZTDST)-zero tilled wheat (ZTW); and Sc-5: ZTDSR-ZTW + 1/3rd residue retention (RR). Overall, 14-years mean DSR yield significantly (p < 0.05) lowered (9.0–22.0 %), and wheat yield significantly increased (4.4–9.2 %) in CsT+RM practices as compared to Sc-1. The mean RWS yield lowered by 1.0–3.8 % in reduced tillage and 6.3–9.3 % in zero tillage, along with 10.9–17.4 % lower cost of cultivation and nonsignificant higher return over variable cost under CsT+RM practices. The sustainable yield index of DSR was lower (0.50–0.58), and wheat was higher (SYI; 0.65–0.69) in indicating the low sustainability of DSR and better sustainability of wheat in CsT+RM. The long-term CsT+RM caused net enrichment in SOC stock by 2.4–21.0 %, and carbon sequestration from 9.9 % to 87.0 % in different scenarios over Sc-1. In order to counterbalance the loss of SOC and maintain its level, a critical amount of 1.17 Mg C ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> need to be added into the soil. The CsT+RM thus enhanced the SOC stock and sequestration in the soil and provided at par system yield in reduced tillage and lower yield in zero tillage grown RWS. Further, better management of DSR including development of suitable genotype for direct seeding, ensuring uniform crop establishment, weed and micronutrient management under reduced/zero tillage is needed for long-term sustainability of DSR-ZTW system in the western IGP of India.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":51045,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of Agronomy\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of Agronomy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030124002454\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRONOMY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Agronomy","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1161030124002454","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Fourteen-years impact of crop establishment, tillage and residue management on carbon input, soil carbon sequestration, crop productivity and profitability of rice-wheat system
Improvements of soil organic carbon and reduction of carbon footprint are critical for the sustainability of agricultural production system. In a 14-year (2006–2020) field experiment, we assessed the effects of conservational (reduced/zero) tillage and residue management (incorporation/retention) (CsT+RM) practices on carbon input, carbon sequestration, productivity and profitability rice-wheat system (RWS) in western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India. Experiment consisted one scenario of conventional tillage (Sc-1: Puddle transplanted rice - conventional tilled wheat); and four scenarios of CsT+RM that are, Sc-2: Reduce tilled direct seeded rice (RTDSR) - reduce tilled wheat (RTW); Sc-3: RTDSR-RTW + 1/3rd residue incorporation (RI); Sc-4: Zero tilled direct seeded rice (ZTDST)-zero tilled wheat (ZTW); and Sc-5: ZTDSR-ZTW + 1/3rd residue retention (RR). Overall, 14-years mean DSR yield significantly (p < 0.05) lowered (9.0–22.0 %), and wheat yield significantly increased (4.4–9.2 %) in CsT+RM practices as compared to Sc-1. The mean RWS yield lowered by 1.0–3.8 % in reduced tillage and 6.3–9.3 % in zero tillage, along with 10.9–17.4 % lower cost of cultivation and nonsignificant higher return over variable cost under CsT+RM practices. The sustainable yield index of DSR was lower (0.50–0.58), and wheat was higher (SYI; 0.65–0.69) in indicating the low sustainability of DSR and better sustainability of wheat in CsT+RM. The long-term CsT+RM caused net enrichment in SOC stock by 2.4–21.0 %, and carbon sequestration from 9.9 % to 87.0 % in different scenarios over Sc-1. In order to counterbalance the loss of SOC and maintain its level, a critical amount of 1.17 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 need to be added into the soil. The CsT+RM thus enhanced the SOC stock and sequestration in the soil and provided at par system yield in reduced tillage and lower yield in zero tillage grown RWS. Further, better management of DSR including development of suitable genotype for direct seeding, ensuring uniform crop establishment, weed and micronutrient management under reduced/zero tillage is needed for long-term sustainability of DSR-ZTW system in the western IGP of India.
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics:
crop physiology
crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management
agroclimatology and modelling
plant-soil relationships
crop quality and post-harvest physiology
farming and cropping systems
agroecosystems and the environment
crop-weed interactions and management
organic farming
horticultural crops
papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings
In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.