作物种植、耕作和残留物管理对水稻-小麦系统的碳输入、土壤固碳、作物产量和收益率的 14 年影响

IF 4.5 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

European Journal of Agronomy Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.1016/j.eja.2024.127324

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引用次数: 0

摘要

提高土壤有机碳含量和减少碳足迹对农业生产系统的可持续性至关重要。在一项为期 14 年（2006-2020 年）的田间试验中，我们评估了保护性耕作（减耕/零耕）和残留物管理（掺入/保留）（CsT+RM）措施对印度西部印度-遗传平原（IGP）水稻-小麦系统（RWS）的碳输入、碳固存、生产力和收益率的影响。试验包括一个常规耕作方案（Sc-1：水稻插秧-小麦常规耕作）和四个 CsT+RM 方案，即：Sc-2：水稻减耕直播（RTDSR）-小麦减耕（RTW）；Sc-3：水稻减耕直播-小麦减耕（RTW）；Sc-4：水稻减耕直播-小麦减耕（RTW）；Sc-5：水稻减耕直播-小麦减耕（RTW）：Sc-3：RTDSR-RTW + 1/3 的残留物掺入 (RI)；Sc-4：零翻耕直播稻 (ZTDST) - 零翻耕小麦 (ZTW)；以及 Sc-5：ZTDSR-ZTW + 1/3 的残留物保留 (RR)。总体而言，与 Sc-1 相比，CsT+RM 14 年平均 DSR 产量显著降低（p < 0.05）（9.0-22.0%），小麦产量显著增加（4.4-9.2%）。在 CsT+RM 实践中，减少耕作的平均 RWS 产量降低了 1.0-3.8%，零耕作降低了 6.3-9.3%，种植成本降低了 10.9-17.4%，相对于可变成本的回报率无显著提高。DSR 的可持续产量指数较低（0.50-0.58），而小麦的可持续产量指数较高（SYI; 0.65-0.69），表明 DSR 的可持续产量指数较低，而 CsT+RM 的小麦可持续产量指数较高。与 Sc-1 相比，长期 CsT+RM 可使 SOC 储量净富集 2.4-21.0%，不同情景下的固碳率从 9.9%到 87.0%不等。为了抵消 SOC 的损失并维持其水平，每年需要向土壤中添加 1.17 兆克 C。因此，CsT+RM 提高了土壤中的 SOC 储量和固碳量，并在减少耕作的情况下提供了与系统相当的产量，而在零耕作种植的 RWS 中产量较低。此外，为了在印度西部 IGP 地区实现 DSR-ZTW 系统的长期可持续发展，需要对 DSR 进行更好的管理，包括开发适合直接播种的基因型，确保作物的均匀种植，以及在减耕/零耕条件下的杂草和微量元素管理。

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Fourteen-years impact of crop establishment, tillage and residue management on carbon input, soil carbon sequestration, crop productivity and profitability of rice-wheat system

Improvements of soil organic carbon and reduction of carbon footprint are critical for the sustainability of agricultural production system. In a 14-year (2006–2020) field experiment, we assessed the effects of conservational (reduced/zero) tillage and residue management (incorporation/retention) (CsT+RM) practices on carbon input, carbon sequestration, productivity and profitability rice-wheat system (RWS) in western Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India. Experiment consisted one scenario of conventional tillage (Sc-1: Puddle transplanted rice - conventional tilled wheat); and four scenarios of CsT+RM that are, Sc-2: Reduce tilled direct seeded rice (RTDSR) - reduce tilled wheat (RTW); Sc-3: RTDSR-RTW + 1/3rd residue incorporation (RI); Sc-4: Zero tilled direct seeded rice (ZTDST)-zero tilled wheat (ZTW); and Sc-5: ZTDSR-ZTW + 1/3rd residue retention (RR). Overall, 14-years mean DSR yield significantly (p < 0.05) lowered (9.0–22.0 %), and wheat yield significantly increased (4.4–9.2 %) in CsT+RM practices as compared to Sc-1. The mean RWS yield lowered by 1.0–3.8 % in reduced tillage and 6.3–9.3 % in zero tillage, along with 10.9–17.4 % lower cost of cultivation and nonsignificant higher return over variable cost under CsT+RM practices. The sustainable yield index of DSR was lower (0.50–0.58), and wheat was higher (SYI; 0.65–0.69) in indicating the low sustainability of DSR and better sustainability of wheat in CsT+RM. The long-term CsT+RM caused net enrichment in SOC stock by 2.4–21.0 %, and carbon sequestration from 9.9 % to 87.0 % in different scenarios over Sc-1. In order to counterbalance the loss of SOC and maintain its level, a critical amount of 1.17 Mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ need to be added into the soil. The CsT+RM thus enhanced the SOC stock and sequestration in the soil and provided at par system yield in reduced tillage and lower yield in zero tillage grown RWS. Further, better management of DSR including development of suitable genotype for direct seeding, ensuring uniform crop establishment, weed and micronutrient management under reduced/zero tillage is needed for long-term sustainability of DSR-ZTW system in the western IGP of India.

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来源期刊

European Journal of Agronomy 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

187

审稿时长

4.5 months

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics: crop physiology crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management agroclimatology and modelling plant-soil relationships crop quality and post-harvest physiology farming and cropping systems agroecosystems and the environment crop-weed interactions and management organic farming horticultural crops papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.