国际空间站(ISS)上防止眼部损伤的安全协议、预防措施和对策。

IF 5.1 2区 医学 Q1 OPHTHALMOLOGY
Alex Suh, Sarah Ditelberg, Jonathan J Szeto, Divy Kumar, Joshua Ong, C Robert Gibson, Thomas H Mader, Ethan Waisberg, Andrew G Lee
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引用次数: 0

摘要

国际空间站(ISS)耗资 1000 亿美元,是人类在真空空间活动的中心,展示了人类探索宇宙前沿的集体努力。即使国际空间站上的技术再先进,人眼仍然是一个非常脆弱的结构。在缺乏多层保护和风险评估的情况下,乘员的眼部受伤几率将大大增加。除了严格的宇航员飞行前筛查标准外,国际空间站还配备了眼科药物、环境控制和生命支持系统(如湿度调节、二氧化碳排出、加压装置调节器)以及辐射防护,以减少对眼睛的伤害。此外,目前正在为阿耳特弥斯计划飞行任务开发更多的对策,以减轻空间飞行相关神经眼综合症(SANS)和月球尘埃毒性的影响。未来努力的成功不仅取决于持续的技术创新,还取决于尊重人类生理和地外环境之间错综复杂的相互作用。在月球和火星上建立居住地以及美国国家航空航天局的 "网关计划"(人类首个环绕月球的空间站)将会带来一系列新的挑战,这也凸显了持续深入研究太空中眼部健康的必要性。我们将讨论在国际空间站上实施的安全协议、预防措施和对策,以防止眼部损伤--太空探索的壮观往往掩盖了这方面的问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Safety protocols, precautions, and countermeasures aboard the International Space Station (ISS) to prevent ocular injury.

The International Space Station (ISS) is a $100 billion epicenter of human activity in the vacuum of space, displaying mankind's collective endeavor to explore the cosmic frontier. Even within the marvels of technological sophistication aboard the ISS, the human eye remains a highly vulnerable structure. In the absence of multiple layers of protection and risk assessments, crewmembers would face a substantial increase in vulnerability to ocular injury. Aside from stringent preflight screening criteria for astronauts, the ISS is equipped with ophthalmic medications, environmental control and life support systems (e.g., humidity regulation, carbon dioxide removal, pressurized device regulators), and radiation protection to reduce ocular injury. Moreover, additional countermeasures are currently being developed to mitigate the effects of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) and lunar dust toxicity for the Artemis Program missions. The success of future endeavors hinges not only on continued technological innovation, but also respecting the intricate interplay between human physiology and the extraterrestrial environments. Establishing habitations on the Moon and Mars, as well as NASA's Gateway Program (humanity's first space station around the Moon), will introduce a new set of challenges, underscoring the necessity for continuous insights into ocular health in space. We discuss the safety protocols, precautions, and countermeasures implemented on the ISS to prevent ocular injury - an aspect often overshadowed by the grandeur of space exploration.

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来源期刊
Survey of ophthalmology
Survey of ophthalmology 医学-眼科学
CiteScore
10.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
138
审稿时长
14.8 weeks
期刊介绍: Survey of Ophthalmology is a clinically oriented review journal designed to keep ophthalmologists up to date. Comprehensive major review articles, written by experts and stringently refereed, integrate the literature on subjects selected for their clinical importance. Survey also includes feature articles, section reviews, book reviews, and abstracts.
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