是什么让工作记忆发挥作用?对工作记忆能力预测能力的多方面阐述。

IF 3.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Matthew K Robison, Ashley L Miller, Elizabeth A Wiemers, Derek M Ellis, Nash Unsworth, Thomas S Redick, Gene A Brewer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

工作记忆能力(WMC)在认知心理学中备受关注,部分原因是工作记忆能力与其他能力(如阅读理解能力、第二语言能力、流体智力)有广泛的相关性,因此似乎是认知能力的一个重要方面。然而,为什么会出现这种相关性,目前仍存在着激烈的争论。一些理论认为,单一能力(如注意力控制、短时记忆能力、可控记忆搜索)是 WMC 预测性背后的主要原因,而另一些理论则认为,WMC 具有预测性是因为它挖掘了多种能力。在此,我们通过一项大规模(N = 974)的个体差异调查,检验了WMC的单一和多元说法,以及三个假设的中介因素:注意力控制、主要记忆和次要记忆。我们发现了多层面解释的证据,即没有任何一种能力可以完全调解 WMC 与高阶认知(即阅读理解能力和流体智力)之间的关系。此外,无论WMC是通过复合跨度还是n-back来测量,这种效应都是成立的。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
What makes working memory work? A multifaceted account of the predictive power of working memory capacity.

Working memory capacity (WMC) has received a great deal of attention in cognitive psychology partly because WMC correlates broadly with other abilities (e.g., reading comprehension, second-language proficiency, fluid intelligence) and thus seems to be a critical aspect of cognitive ability. However, it is still rigorously debated why such correlations occur. Some theories posit a single ability (e.g., attention control, short-term memory capacity, controlled memory search) as the primary reason behind WMC's predictiveness, whereas others argue that WMC is predictive because it taps into multiple abilities. Here, we tested these single- and multifaceted accounts of WMC with a large-scale (N = 974) individual-differences investigation of WMC and three hypothesized mediators: attention control, primary memory, and secondary memory. We found evidence for a multifaceted account, such that no single ability could fully mediate the relation between WMC and higher order cognition (i.e., reading comprehension and fluid intelligence). Further, such an effect held regardless of whether WMC was measured via complex span or n-back. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
300
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: General publishes articles describing empirical work that bridges the traditional interests of two or more communities of psychology. The work may touch on issues dealt with in JEP: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, JEP: Animal Behavior Processes, or JEP: Applied, but may also concern issues in other subdisciplines of psychology, including social processes, developmental processes, psychopathology, neuroscience, or computational modeling. Articles in JEP: General may be longer than the usual journal publication if necessary, but shorter articles that bridge subdisciplines will also be considered.
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