Elisabetta Loffredo, Danilo Vona, Carlo Porfido, Maria Michela Giangregorio, Antonio Gelsomino
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Elemental composition was determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy; micromorphological features, surface elements and surface area were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) technique and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis; functional properties were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>TXRF analysis showed that DG had the highest K content (~8.9 g kg<sup>−1</sup>), while VC had the maximum P, S and Ca contents, and appreciable levels of essential plant micronutrients, such as Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. SEM-EDX technique evidenced heterogeneous surfaces and low porosity of all materials. BET analysis showed relevant specific surface areas of DG, CP and, especially, VC (~1.6 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>). FTIR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy allowed to identify various aliphatic and aromatic functional groups of the materials and provided information on their major molecular classes, such as lignocellulosic moieties and inorganic components. The latter techniques also contributed to understand the chemical transformations of the DG after the aerobic treatments.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusion</h3>\n \n <p>The overall results obtained confirmed the valuable potential of these materials in improving the physical and chemical fertility of the soil and in retaining pollutants, with consequent benefits for mantaining soil productivity and preserving ecosystem health.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":100834,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sae2.70002","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Compositional and structural characterization of bioenergy digestate and its aerobic derivatives compost and vermicompost\",\"authors\":\"Elisabetta Loffredo, Danilo Vona, Carlo Porfido, Maria Michela Giangregorio, Antonio Gelsomino\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/sae2.70002\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Introduction</h3>\\n \\n <p>In addition to produce biogas, the anaerobic digestion process releases a significant quantity of solid digestate (DG), a C-rich byproduct suitable both as a soil improver and as a biosorbent of organic and inorganic pollutants. This study considered a mixed biowaste DG and two aerobic DG-derivatives such as compost (CP) and vermicompost (VC).</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\\n \\n <p>A multianalytical approach was adopted to comprehensively characterize DG, CP and VC. Elemental composition was determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy; micromorphological features, surface elements and surface area were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) technique and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis; functional properties were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Results</h3>\\n \\n <p>TXRF analysis showed that DG had the highest K content (~8.9 g kg<sup>−1</sup>), while VC had the maximum P, S and Ca contents, and appreciable levels of essential plant micronutrients, such as Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. SEM-EDX technique evidenced heterogeneous surfaces and low porosity of all materials. BET analysis showed relevant specific surface areas of DG, CP and, especially, VC (~1.6 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>). FTIR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy allowed to identify various aliphatic and aromatic functional groups of the materials and provided information on their major molecular classes, such as lignocellulosic moieties and inorganic components. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
引言 除了产生沼气，厌氧消化过程还会释放出大量固体沼渣（DG），这是一种富含 C 的副产品，既可用作土壤改良剂，也可用作有机和无机污染物的生物吸附剂。本研究考虑了混合生物垃圾沼渣和两种好氧沼渣衍生物，如堆肥（CP）和蛭石堆肥（VC）。 材料与方法 采用多种分析方法来全面描述 DG、CP 和 VC 的特征。元素组成通过全反射 X 射线荧光光谱（TXRF）测定；微观形态特征、表面元素和表面积通过扫描电子显微镜耦合能量色散 X 射线（SEM-EDX）技术和布鲁瑙尔-艾美特-泰勒（BET）分析进行评估；功能特性通过衰减全反射-傅立叶变换红外（FTIR-ATR）光谱和拉曼光谱进行研究。 结果 全反射-傅立叶变换红外光谱分析显示，DG 的钾含量最高（约 8.9 克/千克），而 VC 的磷、硒和钙含量最高，锰、铁、铜和锌等植物必需微量元素的含量也相当可观。SEM-EDX 技术表明，所有材料的表面都是异质的，孔隙率较低。BET 分析表明，DG、CP，尤其是 VC 具有相关的比表面积（~1.6 m2 g-1）。傅立叶变换红外-原子吸收光谱和拉曼光谱可以确定材料的各种脂肪族和芳香族官能团，并提供其主要分子类别的信息，如木质纤维素分子和无机成分。后一种技术还有助于了解有氧处理后危险品的化学变化。 结论 获得的总体结果证实了这些材料在改善土壤物理和化学肥力以及阻隔污染物方面的宝贵潜力，从而有利于保持土壤生产力和维护生态系统健康。
Compositional and structural characterization of bioenergy digestate and its aerobic derivatives compost and vermicompost
Introduction
In addition to produce biogas, the anaerobic digestion process releases a significant quantity of solid digestate (DG), a C-rich byproduct suitable both as a soil improver and as a biosorbent of organic and inorganic pollutants. This study considered a mixed biowaste DG and two aerobic DG-derivatives such as compost (CP) and vermicompost (VC).
Materials and Methods
A multianalytical approach was adopted to comprehensively characterize DG, CP and VC. Elemental composition was determined by total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy; micromorphological features, surface elements and surface area were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) technique and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis; functional properties were investigated by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Results
TXRF analysis showed that DG had the highest K content (~8.9 g kg−1), while VC had the maximum P, S and Ca contents, and appreciable levels of essential plant micronutrients, such as Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn. SEM-EDX technique evidenced heterogeneous surfaces and low porosity of all materials. BET analysis showed relevant specific surface areas of DG, CP and, especially, VC (~1.6 m2 g−1). FTIR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy allowed to identify various aliphatic and aromatic functional groups of the materials and provided information on their major molecular classes, such as lignocellulosic moieties and inorganic components. The latter techniques also contributed to understand the chemical transformations of the DG after the aerobic treatments.
Conclusion
The overall results obtained confirmed the valuable potential of these materials in improving the physical and chemical fertility of the soil and in retaining pollutants, with consequent benefits for mantaining soil productivity and preserving ecosystem health.
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