How torrefaction impacts minimal fluidization velocity from different biomasses and their mixtures

Torrefaction has emerged as a promising technology for optimizing the efficiency of thermochemical processes. However, many challenges still need to be addressed regarding its integration with other processes, such as gasification. This work investigates the potential of torrefaction to transform the properties of biomass mixtures, improving operations in fluidized bed reactors. Experimentally, hazelnut shells and olive pit mixtures were torrefied at 280 °C for 45 min to analyze how torrefaction affected the minimum fluidization velocity as a bulk density function. The results were compared to other biomasses from the literature. Our findings show that torrefaction can stabilize minimum fluidization velocity at 0,45 m/s for mixtures of biomasses with bulk densities below 700 kg/m³ and particle size range (T) of 1,7 < T < 2,36 × 10⁻³ m. These findings collectively emphasize the potential of torrefaction as an effective technology for utilizing agro-industrial residues in energy generation processes not only for the improvement of conversion efficiency but also for operation stability.