微生物群-免疫-大脑相互作用:了解牙周健康和疾病的新视角。

IF 17.5 1区 医学 Q1 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE
Torbjørn Jarle Breivik, Per Gjermo, Yngvar Gundersen, Per Kristian Opstad, Robert Murison, Anders Hugoson, Stephan von Hörsten, Inge Fristad
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这篇综述强调了微生物群、免疫系统、神经和激素系统以及大脑之间的相互作用对牙周健康和疾病的重要影响。微生物群中的微生物、免疫细胞和神经元通过平衡神经和激素系统进行交流,调节重要的身体功能。通过调节促炎和抗炎适应性免疫反应,这些系统控制着微生物群中微生物的组成和数量。这些由大脑控制的反应的强度是由基因决定的,但对幼年时期的压力很敏感,这些压力会通过表观遗传机制永久性地改变它们的反应能力,对成年压力也很敏感,这些压力会导致暂时性的变化。临床证据以及对人类和动物模型的研究表明,与严重牙周炎有关的因素会增强这些平衡系统的反应能力,导致持续的过度激活。这削弱了对入侵性共生微生物(病原菌)的免疫防御,同时加强了对龈缘非入侵性共生微生物的防御。其结果是牙龈组织中病原菌(包括革兰氏阴性菌)的负荷增加,继而产生过度的先天性免疫反应,在防止感染的同时破坏牙龈和牙周组织。因此,促炎性和抗炎性适应性免疫之间的平衡对于控制微生物群至关重要,而大脑控制的平衡系统的反应能力决定了牙周健康。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Microbiota-immune-brain interactions: A new vision in the understanding of periodontal health and disease.

This review highlights the significance of interactions between the microbiota, immune system, nervous and hormonal systems, and the brain on periodontal health and disease. Microorganisms in the microbiota, immune cells, and neurons communicate via homeostatic nervous and hormonal systems, regulating vital body functions. By modulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adaptive immune responses, these systems control the composition and number of microorganisms in the microbiota. The strength of these brain-controlled responses is genetically determined but is sensitive to early childhood stressors, which can permanently alter their responsiveness via epigenetic mechanisms, and to adult stressors, causing temporary changes. Clinical evidence and research with humans and animal models indicate that factors linked to severe periodontitis enhance the responsiveness of these homeostatic systems, leading to persistent hyperactivation. This weakens the immune defense against invasive symbiotic microorganisms (pathobionts) while strengthening the defense against non-invasive symbionts at the gingival margin. The result is an increased gingival tissue load of pathobionts, including Gram-negative bacteria, followed by an excessive innate immune response, which prevents infection but simultaneously destroys gingival and periodontal tissues. Thus, the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adaptive immunity is crucial in controlling the microbiota, and the responsiveness of brain-controlled homeostatic systems determines periodontal health.

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来源期刊
Periodontology 2000
Periodontology 2000 医学-牙科与口腔外科
CiteScore
34.10
自引率
2.20%
发文量
62
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Periodontology 2000 is a series of monographs designed for periodontists and general practitioners interested in periodontics. The editorial board selects significant topics and distinguished scientists and clinicians for each monograph. Serving as a valuable supplement to existing periodontal journals, three monographs are published annually, contributing specialized insights to the field.
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