欧洲葡萄园覆盖作物管理策略及其对土壤特性的影响

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 SOIL SCIENCE
Gunther Liebhard, Gema Guzmán, José A. Gómez, Silvia Winter, Johann G. Zaller, Thomas Bauer, Annegret Nicolai, Daniel Cluzeau, Daniela Popescu, Claudiu-Ioan Bunea, Peter Strauss
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引用次数: 0

摘要

葡萄园的土壤通常本身质量较差,有机碳含量较低。管理可以改善土壤性质,从而提高土壤肥力。在欧洲的葡萄种植区,根据当地的具体条件和管理强度对土壤、水分平衡、产量和葡萄质量的不同影响,形成了多种多样的行间管理策略。因此,有必要研究当地常见的覆盖作物管理策略和耕作强度对土壤有机碳含量和土壤物理参数的影响。在这项研究中,我们调查了奥地利、法国、罗马尼亚和西班牙最常见的行间管理方法的影响。在所有国家,我们都对成对的地点进行了比较。每个采用覆盖作物和低强度行间管理的地点都与一个采用(暂时)裸土和高强度管理的地点进行了比较。除西班牙外,所有采用覆盖作物和低管理强度的研究地点的有机碳含量都高于配对的高管理强度葡萄园。然而,在水资源高度受限的西班牙葡萄园,临时覆盖作物的有机碳含量低于裸露土壤的配对地点。有机碳含量较高的地块在容重、渗流稳定性(PS)、水力传导性和土壤可用水量方面的结果更好,而土壤水力参数则不如其他地块明显。对各国的行间杂草控制体系进行比较后发现,在罗马尼亚和西班牙的取样葡萄园中,PS 值特别低,因为那里的杂草控制是以密集的机械耕作为基础的。与永久性绿色覆盖相比,每隔两行进行一次耕作的交替管理制度会降低土壤结构。因此,与裸土管理相比,使用覆盖作物并减少耕作的行间管理可增加土壤有机碳含量,改善土壤结构。如果当地条件有限(如缺水),不允许全年种植,那么可以选择数年交替进行行间管理,以减轻这些不利影响。不过,对土壤结构的负面影响出现在第一次耕作时,而对碳平衡的负面影响只有在长期耕作后才会出现。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Vineyard cover crop management strategies and their effect on soil properties across Europe

Vineyard cover crop management strategies and their effect on soil properties across Europe

Vineyard soils are often of inherently poor quality with low organic carbon content. Management can improve soil properties and thus soil fertility. In European wine-growing regions, a broad range of inter-row management strategies evolved based on specific local site conditions and the varying effects of management intensities on soil, water balance, yield and grape quality. Accordingly, there is a need to investigate the effects of locally common cover crop management strategies and tillage intensity on soil organic carbon content and soil physical parameters. In this study, we investigated the impact of the most common inter-row management practices in Austria, France, Romania and Spain. In all countries, we compared paired sites. Each site with cover crops and inter-row management of low intensity was compared with one site with (temporarily) bare soil and high management intensity. All studied sites with cover crops and low management intensity, except those in Spain, had higher organic carbon contents than the paired more intensively managed vineyards. However, the highly water-limited Spanish vineyards with temporary cover crops had lower organic carbon contents than the paired sites with bare soil. Sites with more organic carbon had better results for bulk density, percolation stability (PS), hydraulic conductivity and available soil water, with soil hydraulic parameters being less pronounced than others. Country comparison of inter-row weed control systems showed that PS was particularly low in sampled vineyards in Romania and Spain, where weed control is based on intensive mechanical tillage. Alternating management systems with tillage every second inter-row showed a decrease in soil structure compared with permanent green cover. Thus, inter-row management with cover crops and reduced tillage increases soil organic carbon content and improves soil structure compared with bare soil management. If local constraints, such as water scarcity, do not allow year-round planting, alternating inter-row management with several years of alternating periods may be an option to mitigate those adverse effects. However, negative impact on the soil structure occurs with the very first tillage operation, whereas negative effects on the carbon balance only appear after long-term use of tillage.

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来源期刊
European Journal of Soil Science
European Journal of Soil Science 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
8.20
自引率
4.80%
发文量
117
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: The EJSS is an international journal that publishes outstanding papers in soil science that advance the theoretical and mechanistic understanding of physical, chemical and biological processes and their interactions in soils acting from molecular to continental scales in natural and managed environments.
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