Patterns of food consumption among women with breast cancer: A multicenter study in Indonesia

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cancer among women globally, with a rising incidence in Indonesia. Dietary habits are implicated in BC development and progression, yet there is limited understanding among Indonesian women. This study aims to evaluate the patterns of food consumption among Indonesian women with BC.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted among Indonesian women with BC at three national hospitals. The sample size was determined to be 362 participants. Each participant was provided with information and asked to provide written informed consent before face-to-face interviews. Dietary behaviors were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) adapted to local cuisine. Exploratory factor analysis was used to describe dietary behavior patterns. All analyses were performed using R version 4.3.0 with the epicalc and psych packages.

Results

Participants were predominantly aged 50 years or older, had middle incomes, and exhibited varied dietary habits. We identified three dietary patterns: the “Carnivorous and Sugar” diet, the “Vegetables and Snacks” diet, and the “Traditional” diet. The “Carnivorous and Sugar” diet was characterized by a high consumption of meat, poultry, sweetened drinks or condiments, and desserts. The “Vegetables and Snacks” diet involved more frequent consumption of leafy green vegetables, yellow or orange vegetables, packaged snacks, and unpackaged snacks. The “Traditional” diet was marked by a high intake of tubers, eggs, and soybean products.

Conclusion

This study's findings enhance our understanding of dietary patterns among Indonesian women with BC and their potential impact on BC risk. These findings highlight the importance of promoting healthy dietary habits, such as consuming more fruits, and vegetables while reducing the intake of red and processed meats, and sugary foods for BC prevention.