Euler-Euler simulation of a bubble column flow up to high gas fraction

This study investigates homogeneous flow in a bubble column up to $50\%$ gas holdup. For low to medium gas holdup below $\sim 20\%$, the good performance of an established baseline model is confirmed. In this range, the mixture pressure gradient is decisive in determining the relative velocity, resulting in good predictions without considering swarm effects. However, beyond a gas holdup of $\sim 20\%$, a swarm corrector to the drag force becomes necessary, for which several proposals from the literature are evaluated. In addition, the lift force influences the shape of the gas fraction profile depending on the bubble size, which has a significant impact on the liquid flow inside the column. For wall-peaked profiles, the liquid flow remains moderate, while center-peaked profiles strongly boost the liquid velocity. Finally, several mechanisms proposed in the literature for inducing unstable flow based on the lift force, bubble-induced turbulence or flooding are investigated. Of these only the first gave qualitative agreement with the observed gas holdup.