下丘脑的星形成因:促进神经内分泌网络发展和可塑性的终生过程。

IF 6.5 1区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
Ariane Sharif, Vincent Prevot
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引用次数: 0

摘要

星形胶质细胞现在被认为是神经回路不可或缺的组成部分,可调节神经回路的成熟、活动和可塑性。神经内分泌学为揭示星形胶质细胞根据内部和环境输入调节神经回路活动的生理和行为结果的各种策略提供了肥沃的土壤。然而,与大脑皮层和脊髓等其他脑区相比,下丘脑中星形胶质细胞的发育受到的关注要少得多。在这篇综述中,我们总结了目前我们对下丘脑各生命阶段星形胶质细胞发育的了解。下丘脑星形细胞发生的一个显著特点是它终生持续存在,并涉及多种细胞来源,包括发育早期的放射状胶质细胞,随后是澹细胞、实质祖细胞和局部分裂的星形细胞。下丘脑的星形胶质细胞形成与下丘脑神经元的成熟密切相关。最近对产生促性腺激素释放激素的神经元的研究结果就是这种协调的例证,这些神经元在婴儿期积极塑造其星形胶质细胞环境,以便在功能上融入其神经网络并促进性成熟,而这一过程很容易受到内分泌干扰。虽然下丘脑星形胶质细胞的形成与其他脑区有着共同的原理,但它在区域间和区域内的动态和调控方面也表现出特殊的特征。这些独特的特性强调了进一步探索的重要性。此外,我们还讨论了用于评估下丘脑星形成因的实验策略及其潜在的偏差和局限性。了解下丘脑终生星形发生的机制对于理解下丘脑在生理和病理条件下的发育和功能至关重要。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Astrogenesis in the hypothalamus: A life-long process contributing to the development and plasticity of neuroendocrine networks

Astrocytes are now recognized as integral components of neural circuits, regulating their maturation, activity and plasticity. Neuroendocrinology has provided fertile ground for revealing the diverse strategies used by astrocytes to regulate the physiological and behavioural outcomes of neural circuit activity in response to internal and environmental inputs. However, the development of astrocytes in the hypothalamus has received much less attention than in other brain regions such as the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. In this review, we synthesize our current knowledge of astrogenesis in the hypothalamus across various life stages. A distinctive feature of hypothalamic astrogenesis is that it persists all throughout lifespan, and involves multiple cellular sources corresponding to radial glial cells during early development, followed by tanycytes, parenchymal progenitors and locally dividing astrocytes. Astrogenesis in the hypothalamus is closely coordinated with the maturation of hypothalamic neurons. This coordination is exemplified by recent findings in neurons producing gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which actively shape their astroglial environment during infancy to integrate functionally into their neural network and facilitate sexual maturation, a process vulnerable to endocrine disruption. While hypothalamic astrogenesis shares common principles with other brain regions, it also exhibits specific features in its dynamics and regulation, both at the inter- and intra-regional levels. These unique properties emphasize the importance of further exploration. Additionally, we discuss the experimental strategies used to assess astrogenesis in the hypothalamus and their potential bias and limitations. Understanding the mechanisms of hypothalamic astrogenesis throughout life will be crucial for comprehending the development and function of the hypothalamus under both physiological and pathological conditions.

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来源期刊
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
13.30
自引率
6.80%
发文量
62
审稿时长
68 days
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (FIN) publishes a wide range of informative articles including comprehensive reviews, systematic reviews, opinion pieces, and meta-analyses. While the majority of reviews are invited, we also embrace unsolicited reviews and meta-analyses, as well as proposals for thematic special issues, provided they meet our rigorous quality standards. In addition, we encourage authors to submit commentaries that concisely present fresh ideas or offer further analysis to delve deeper into the implications of an article published in our journal.
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