古希腊自然法则

IF 1.4 2区 哲学 Q1 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
Jacqueline Feke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

科学史上流行的说法认为,古希腊人没有 "自然法则 "的概念。本文推翻了这一说法,指出古希腊的一些哲学家确实有自然法则的概念,而且他们将其称为 "自然法则"。本文分析了柏拉图、亚里士多德、亚历山大的斐洛、杰拉萨的尼科马库斯和盖伦的文章中有关自然法则的具体例子。这些例子产生于柏拉图和毕达哥拉斯紧密交织的传统,这些哲学家的文本在描述算术方法、算术学说或医学理论时都提到了自然法则。尼科马格斯的自然法则尤其值得注意,因为它们具有历史学家在寻找现代自然法则概念的起源时所寻找的特征。尼科马格斯的自然法则具有数学性、普遍性和必然性。本文提出了一种可能性,即古代柏拉图和毕达哥拉斯传统影响了中世纪和近代早期欧洲自然法则思想的后续发展,包括约翰内斯-开普勒和艾萨克-牛顿提出的自然法则概念。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Ancient Greek laws of nature

The prevailing narrative in the history of science maintains that the ancient Greeks did not have a concept of a ‘law of nature’. This paper overturns that narrative and shows that some ancient Greek philosophers did have an idea of laws of nature and, moreover, they referred to them as ‘laws of nature’. This paper analyzes specific examples of laws of nature in texts by Plato, Aristotle, Philo of Alexandria, Nicomachus of Gerasa, and Galen. These examples emerged out of the closely intertwined Platonic and Pythagorean traditions, and these philosophers' texts make reference to laws of nature when describing arithmetical methods, arithmological doctrines, or medical theories. Nicomachus' laws of nature are especially noteworthy, because they have features that historians look for in the search for the origin of the modern concept of laws of nature. Nicomachus' laws of nature are mathematical, universal, and necessary. This paper raises the possibility that the ancient Platonic and Pythagorean traditions influenced the subsequent development of the idea of laws of nature in medieval and early modern Europe, including the conception of laws of nature deployed by Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton.

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来源期刊
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science
Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 管理科学-科学史与科学哲学
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
166
审稿时长
6.6 weeks
期刊介绍: Studies in History and Philosophy of Science is devoted to the integrated study of the history, philosophy and sociology of the sciences. The editors encourage contributions both in the long-established areas of the history of the sciences and the philosophy of the sciences and in the topical areas of historiography of the sciences, the sciences in relation to gender, culture and society and the sciences in relation to arts. The Journal is international in scope and content and publishes papers from a wide range of countries and cultural traditions.
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