Advanced fluorescent probes, portable electrochemical and colorimetric sensors for detection of chloride ions in bodily fluids, foods and waters

The quantitative analysis of chloride ions is crucial due to the important roles in physiological functions and environmental protection. There are so many methods for chloride ion detection that it is not easy to select the most suitable method for a specific field. This paper overviews the significant applications of chloride ions in various fields, the reasons for concentration changes and the adverse effects caused by concentration changes. In order to rapidly and accurately detect chloride concentrations in various bodily fluids, foods and environmental waters, many highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probes and portable devices based on electrochemical and colorimetric methods have been developed and successfully applied. In this paper, the most suitable detection methods and the corresponding application fields as well as important detection parameters are summarized in the tables. These tables would help professionals select efficient methods to determine chloride ions in different fields quickly. According to advantages and disadvantages of the advanced methods mentioned here, the development directions of chloride ion detection methods in the fields of physiology, food and ecology are elucidated.