采用不同的高地-水稻轮作系统,低土壤碳氮比可减少水稻季节的温室气体排放

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景高地-水稻轮作可以提高多种作物指数和作物产量;然而,在多种轮作体系下,旱季作物多样化对水稻产量和温室气体(GHG)排放的影响机制仍不清楚。目的在此,我们旨在阐明水稻产量和 GHG 排放对旱季作物多样化的内在响应机制,为制定能够稳定产量和减少 GHG 排放的农艺措施奠定理论基础。方法利用高地-水稻轮作的定位实验场地,测量了大蒜-水稻(GR)、小麦-水稻(WR)系统3年(2019-2020年和2022年)以及油菜籽-水稻(RR)系统1年(2022年)的稻季CH4和N2O排放量、作物产量、温室气体排放强度(GHGI)水平、土壤理化性质。结果WR系统的二氧化碳排放当量(CO2-eq)最高,3年间隔值为1898.24-16794.30 kg-ha-1,产量最低(8490.10-9773.46 kg-ha-1),温室气体总指数(GHGI)最高(0.22-1.83)。GR 系统的水稻产量最高(9718.91-10769.75 千克/公顷-1),二氧化碳当量较低(1588.55-12567.51 千克/公顷-1),因此温室气体指数较低(0.16-1.24)。RR 系统在 2022 年的温室气体总指数最低(受益于最低的二氧化碳当量),产量略高于 WR 系统。2020 年和 2022 年,三种系统的二氧化碳当量中,CH4 占 88%。WR 系统较高的土壤 C:N 比率刺激了产甲烷微生物,加上较高的微生物生物量 C 水平,最终大幅增加了 CH4 排放。GR 和 RR 系统的土壤碳氮比明显低于 WR 系统,因为这两个系统的土壤全氮(TN)较高,避免了增加 CH4 排放。结论高地-水稻轮作系统中旱季作物的多样化种植通过改变碳和氮的比例影响了水稻产量和温室气体排放。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Greenhouse gas emissions during the rice season are reduced by a low soil C:N ratio using different upland-paddy rotation systems

Context

Upland-paddy rotation can improve multiple-cropping index and crop yields; however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of dry-season crop diversification on rice yields and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under multiple rotation systems remain unclear.

Objective

Here, we aimed to clarify the intrinsic mechanisms whereby rice yields and GHG emissions respond to the diversification of dry-season crops and lay a theoretical foundation for developing agronomic measures that can stabilize yields and reduce GHG emissions.

Methods

Using a positioning experimental site for upland-paddy rotation, we measured rice-season CH4 and N2O emissions, crop yields, GHG-emission intensity (GHGI) levels, soil physical and chemical properties in garlic–rice (GR), wheat–rice (WR) systems for 3 years (2019–2020, and 2022), and in a rapeseed–rice (RR) system for 1 year (2022). The soil microbial dynamics of the three systems were only tested in 2022.

Results

The WR system had the highest CO2 emission equivalent (CO2-eq), with a 3-year interval value of 1898.24–16794.30 kg·ha−1, the lowest yield (8490.10–9773.46 kg·ha−1), and the highest GHGI (0.22–1.83). The GR system had the highest rice yield (9718.91–10769.75 kg ha−1), a lower CO2-eq (1588.55–12567.51 kg·ha−1), and therefore a lower GHGI (0.16–1.24). The RR system had the lowest GHGI in 2022 (benefiting from the lowest CO2-eq) and a slightly higher yield than that of the WR system. CH4 contributed to >88 % of the CO2-eq under the three systems in 2020 and 2022. The higher soil C:N ratio of the WR system stimulated methanogenic microorganisms, coupled with higher microbial biomass C levels, and ultimately increased CH4 emissions substantially. The soil C:N ratios of the GR and RR systems were significantly lower than that of the WR system because the soil total nitrogen (TN) of both systems was higher and increased CH4 emissions were avoided. The higher levels of N nutrients (TN, NO3--N, and NH4+-N) in the GR and RR systems also enhanced rice yields, with respective increases of 10.37 % and 1.22 %, compared with that of the WR system.

Conclusions

The diversified cultivation of dry-season crops in upland-paddy rotation systems affected rice yields and GHG emissions by changing the ratios of C and N.

Implications

Our findings highlight the importance of future research involving comprehensive agronomic measures to help reduce emissions, including fertilizer management, straw management, and tillage methods.

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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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