{"title":"采用不同的高地-水稻轮作系统,低土壤碳氮比可减少水稻季节的温室气体排放","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109562","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>Upland<strong>-</strong>paddy rotation can improve multiple-cropping index and crop yields; however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of dry-season crop diversification on rice yields and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under multiple rotation systems remain unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Here, we aimed to clarify the intrinsic mechanisms whereby rice yields and GHG emissions respond to the diversification of dry-season crops and lay a theoretical foundation for developing agronomic measures that can stabilize yields and reduce GHG emissions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a positioning experimental site for upland-paddy rotation, we measured rice-season CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, crop yields, GHG-emission intensity (GHGI) levels, soil physical and chemical properties in garlic–rice (GR), wheat–rice (W<em>R</em>) systems for 3 years (2019–2020, and 2022), and in a rapeseed–rice (RR) system for 1 year (2022). The soil microbial dynamics of the three systems were only tested in 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The W<em>R</em> system had the highest CO<sub>2</sub> emission equivalent (CO<sub>2</sub>-eq), with a 3-year interval value of 1898.24–16794.30 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>, the lowest yield (8490.10–9773.46 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>), and the highest GHGI (0.22–1.83). The GR system had the highest rice yield (9718.91–10769.75 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), a lower CO<sub>2</sub>-eq (1588.55–12567.51 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>), and therefore a lower GHGI (0.16–1.24). The RR system had the lowest GHGI in 2022 (benefiting from the lowest CO<sub>2</sub>-eq) and a slightly higher yield than that of the W<em>R</em> system. CH<sub>4</sub> contributed to >88 % of the CO<sub>2</sub>-eq under the three systems in 2020 and 2022. The higher soil C:N ratio of the W<em>R</em> system stimulated methanogenic microorganisms, coupled with higher microbial biomass C levels, and ultimately increased CH<sub>4</sub> emissions substantially. The soil C:N ratios of the GR and RR systems were significantly lower than that of the W<em>R</em> system because the soil total nitrogen (TN) of both systems was higher and increased CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were avoided. The higher levels of N nutrients (TN, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) in the GR and RR systems also enhanced rice yields, with respective increases of 10.37 % and 1.22 %, compared with that of the W<em>R</em> system.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The diversified cultivation of dry-season crops in upland-paddy rotation systems affected rice yields and GHG emissions by changing the ratios of C and N.</p></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><p>Our findings highlight the importance of future research involving comprehensive agronomic measures to help reduce emissions, including fertilizer management, straw management, and tillage methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12143,"journal":{"name":"Field Crops Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Greenhouse gas emissions during the rice season are reduced by a low soil C:N ratio using different upland-paddy rotation systems\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109562\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>Upland<strong>-</strong>paddy rotation can improve multiple-cropping index and crop yields; however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of dry-season crop diversification on rice yields and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under multiple rotation systems remain unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Here, we aimed to clarify the intrinsic mechanisms whereby rice yields and GHG emissions respond to the diversification of dry-season crops and lay a theoretical foundation for developing agronomic measures that can stabilize yields and reduce GHG emissions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using a positioning experimental site for upland-paddy rotation, we measured rice-season CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, crop yields, GHG-emission intensity (GHGI) levels, soil physical and chemical properties in garlic–rice (GR), wheat–rice (W<em>R</em>) systems for 3 years (2019–2020, and 2022), and in a rapeseed–rice (RR) system for 1 year (2022). The soil microbial dynamics of the three systems were only tested in 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The W<em>R</em> system had the highest CO<sub>2</sub> emission equivalent (CO<sub>2</sub>-eq), with a 3-year interval value of 1898.24–16794.30 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>, the lowest yield (8490.10–9773.46 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>), and the highest GHGI (0.22–1.83). The GR system had the highest rice yield (9718.91–10769.75 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), a lower CO<sub>2</sub>-eq (1588.55–12567.51 kg·ha<sup>−1</sup>), and therefore a lower GHGI (0.16–1.24). The RR system had the lowest GHGI in 2022 (benefiting from the lowest CO<sub>2</sub>-eq) and a slightly higher yield than that of the W<em>R</em> system. CH<sub>4</sub> contributed to >88 % of the CO<sub>2</sub>-eq under the three systems in 2020 and 2022. The higher soil C:N ratio of the W<em>R</em> system stimulated methanogenic microorganisms, coupled with higher microbial biomass C levels, and ultimately increased CH<sub>4</sub> emissions substantially. The soil C:N ratios of the GR and RR systems were significantly lower than that of the W<em>R</em> system because the soil total nitrogen (TN) of both systems was higher and increased CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were avoided. The higher levels of N nutrients (TN, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>-N, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N) in the GR and RR systems also enhanced rice yields, with respective increases of 10.37 % and 1.22 %, compared with that of the W<em>R</em> system.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The diversified cultivation of dry-season crops in upland-paddy rotation systems affected rice yields and GHG emissions by changing the ratios of C and N.</p></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><p>Our findings highlight the importance of future research involving comprehensive agronomic measures to help reduce emissions, including fertilizer management, straw management, and tillage methods.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12143,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Field Crops Research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Field Crops Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429024003150\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRONOMY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Field Crops Research","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429024003150","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRONOMY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Greenhouse gas emissions during the rice season are reduced by a low soil C:N ratio using different upland-paddy rotation systems
Context
Upland-paddy rotation can improve multiple-cropping index and crop yields; however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of dry-season crop diversification on rice yields and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under multiple rotation systems remain unclear.
Objective
Here, we aimed to clarify the intrinsic mechanisms whereby rice yields and GHG emissions respond to the diversification of dry-season crops and lay a theoretical foundation for developing agronomic measures that can stabilize yields and reduce GHG emissions.
Methods
Using a positioning experimental site for upland-paddy rotation, we measured rice-season CH4 and N2O emissions, crop yields, GHG-emission intensity (GHGI) levels, soil physical and chemical properties in garlic–rice (GR), wheat–rice (WR) systems for 3 years (2019–2020, and 2022), and in a rapeseed–rice (RR) system for 1 year (2022). The soil microbial dynamics of the three systems were only tested in 2022.
Results
The WR system had the highest CO2 emission equivalent (CO2-eq), with a 3-year interval value of 1898.24–16794.30 kg·ha−1, the lowest yield (8490.10–9773.46 kg·ha−1), and the highest GHGI (0.22–1.83). The GR system had the highest rice yield (9718.91–10769.75 kg ha−1), a lower CO2-eq (1588.55–12567.51 kg·ha−1), and therefore a lower GHGI (0.16–1.24). The RR system had the lowest GHGI in 2022 (benefiting from the lowest CO2-eq) and a slightly higher yield than that of the WR system. CH4 contributed to >88 % of the CO2-eq under the three systems in 2020 and 2022. The higher soil C:N ratio of the WR system stimulated methanogenic microorganisms, coupled with higher microbial biomass C levels, and ultimately increased CH4 emissions substantially. The soil C:N ratios of the GR and RR systems were significantly lower than that of the WR system because the soil total nitrogen (TN) of both systems was higher and increased CH4 emissions were avoided. The higher levels of N nutrients (TN, NO3--N, and NH4+-N) in the GR and RR systems also enhanced rice yields, with respective increases of 10.37 % and 1.22 %, compared with that of the WR system.
Conclusions
The diversified cultivation of dry-season crops in upland-paddy rotation systems affected rice yields and GHG emissions by changing the ratios of C and N.
Implications
Our findings highlight the importance of future research involving comprehensive agronomic measures to help reduce emissions, including fertilizer management, straw management, and tillage methods.
期刊介绍:
Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on:
√ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels
on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems,
with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.