评估受污染地下水中是否存在过量重金属,并进一步评估其对公众健康的潜在风险。

IF 2.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Nishita Narwal, Deeksha Katyal, Aastha Malik
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引用次数: 0

摘要

水在人类生活中发挥着重要作用。然而,重金属(HMs)对地下水的污染对公众健康有着深远的影响。在印度哈里亚纳邦罗塔克地区等快速工业化地区,工业化、城市化和农业活动已成为重金属日益集中的主要原因。本研究旨在评估和预测罗塔克地区地下水中 HMs 剧增对健康造成的危害。为此,研究人员从罗塔克地区的五个区块,即 Kalanaur、Meham、Lakhan Majra、罗塔克市和 Sampla,收集了 45 份季节性地下水样本,时间分别为季风前和季风后。除理化分析外,还对这些地下水样本进行了 HMs 污染分析。研究结果表明,季风前后的地下水样本比季风前的地下水样本受到的污染相对更严重。水质指数 (WQI) 用于将水质划分为特定等级,Kalanaur 地区的水质指数为 "极差"。另一个名为 HM 污染指数 (HPI) 的指数表示 HM 的水平,并将卡拉纳尔列为最差,其次是 Meham、Lakhan Majra、Sampla 和罗塔克市。此外,采用的主成分分析 (PCA) 显示,HMs 的分布模式存在显著差异,两个季节的主要负荷都来自 PC1 和 PC2。Pearson 相关性分析表明,pH 值(R2 = 0.917)与 HMs(特别是镉和铬)有明显的相关性。在健康风险评估方面,发现铅和铬对儿童造成的致癌风险高于成人。非致癌风险是指除癌症以外对人类健康有害的影响,以危害商数(HQ)和危害指数(HI)来计算。结果显示,与 "成人 "相比,"儿童 "属于弱势群体,尤其是在研究地区的卡拉纳尔、桑普拉和罗塔克市街区。因此,研究结果再次表明,在所选的五个街区中,Kalanaur 是受污染最严重的街区,应立即予以关注。这项研究具有重要意义,因为它提供了一个评估、管理和保护地区地下水的方法框架,可供世界各地的环境学家和水文地质学家借鉴。实践点:水涝是罗塔克区 Kalanaur 地区最常见的问题之一,是造成地下水污染的罪魁祸首。由于电镀工业、涂料工业、汽车行业和工业排放,罗塔克地区普遍存在镉和铅污染。生物修复是处理地下水的合适技术之一,它涉及微生物的使用。有效利用地下水资源是可持续发展的必要条件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation of contaminated groundwater for excessive heavy metal presence and its further assessment of the potential risk to public health.

Water plays a significant role in human life. However, the contamination of groundwater by heavy metals (HMs) has profound implications for public health. Industrialization, urbanization, and agricultural activities are turning out to be major causes for the increasing concentration of HMs in rapidly industrializing areas like Rohtak district, Haryana, India. The current study aimed at evaluating and predicting the health hazards associated with the radical rise of HMs in the groundwater of Rohtak district. For this purpose, 45 seasonal-based groundwater samples were collected from five blocks in Rohtak district, namely Kalanaur, Meham, Lakhan Majra, Rohtak City, and Sampla, both during pre- and post-monsoon seasons. Besides physicochemical analysis, these groundwater samples were analyzed for the contamination of HMs. The findings revealed that groundwater samples were relatively more contaminated during the post-monsoon period rather than pre-monsoon. The water quality index (WQI), devised to classify water quality into specific classes, depicted the Kalanaur region as "very poor." Another index named the HM pollution index (HPI) denoted the levels of HMs and categorized Kalanaur as most deteriorated, followed by Meham, Lakhan Majra, Sampla, and Rohtak City. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed that showed a significant variation in the distribution pattern of HMs, with the major load being attributed to PC1 and PC2 for both seasons. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated a significant association of pH (R2 = 0.917) with HMs (specifically for Cd and Cr). In terms of health risk assessment, carcinogenic human health risk due to Pb and Cr was found to be higher in children than adults. Non-carcinogenic risk, indicative of harmful human health effects, apart from cancer, was calculated in terms of hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI). Results of the same, designated "children" as a vulnerable category compared with "adults," especially in the Kalanaur, Sampla, and Rohtak City blocks of the study area. The results thus reiterated that Kalanaur is the most contaminated block among the five blocks chosen and should be given urgent attention. The study holds importance as it provides a framework regarding the methodology that should be adapted for the evaluation, management, and protection of groundwater at a regional level, which could further be replicated by environmentalists and hydrogeologists across the world. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Water logging is one of the most common problems in Kalanaur block of Rohtak district, responsible for causing groundwater pollution. Cadmium and lead pollution was prevalent in Rohtak due to electroplating industries, paint industry, automobile sector, and industrial discharge. Bioremediation is one of the suitable techniques that can be used for the treatment of groundwater that involves the use of microorganisms. Efficient use of groundwater resources is necessary for sustainable development.

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来源期刊
Water Environment Research
Water Environment Research 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
138
审稿时长
11 months
期刊介绍: Published since 1928, Water Environment Research (WER) is an international multidisciplinary water resource management journal for the dissemination of fundamental and applied research in all scientific and technical areas related to water quality and resource recovery. WER''s goal is to foster communication and interdisciplinary research between water sciences and related fields such as environmental toxicology, agriculture, public and occupational health, microbiology, and ecology. In addition to original research articles, short communications, case studies, reviews, and perspectives are encouraged.
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