抑郁症 第 1 部分:评估。

IF 1.2 Q3 PEDIATRICS
Linda Chokroverty
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引用次数: 0

摘要

到青年时期,每 5 个青少年中就有 1 个会经历一次重度抑郁症发作。15 至 24 岁青少年的第二大死因是自杀,其中大部分是由于抑郁症未经治疗或诊断。抑郁症是一种高度遗传性疾病:抑郁症儿童的父母通常都患有抑郁症。对照顾者的支持非常重要,因为抑郁的父母会对儿童的成长和未来的心理健康产生负面影响。更容易患抑郁症等心理健康疾病的群体包括黑人、土著人、有色人种以及女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人或同性恋者/质疑者,近年来,他们的自杀未遂率最高(黑人青少年、性少数群体青少年),自杀率增幅最高(黑人儿童和青少年),自杀率最高(美国印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人)。他们经常经历更多的不良童年事件,从而增加了抑郁和自杀未遂的风险。儿科医生最有可能为这些脆弱的青少年提供医疗服务,而由于各种原因,包括耻辱感和获得医疗服务的障碍,这些青少年往往较少参与专业的心理健康医疗服务。通过在初级保健中为弱势人群提供行为和心理健康护理,可以实现心理健康公平。抑郁症筛查和自杀评估属于儿科诊疗范围,也是美国儿科学会和美国儿科委员会推荐的能力之一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Depression Part 1: Evaluation.

By young adulthood, 1 in 5 teens will experience an episode of major depression. The second leading cause of death among youths aged 15 to 24 years is suicide, most of which will have been caused by untreated or undiagnosed depression. Depression is a highly heritable condition: depressed children often have depressed parents. Support to caregivers is important because depressed parents can have negative effects on children's development and future mental health. Groups more vulnerable to mental health disorders such as depression include Black, Indigenous, and persons of color and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer/questioning, who in recent years have the highest rate of suicide attempts (Black teens, sexual minority youth), the highest increases in suicide rates (Black children and youths), and the highest suicide rates (American Indian/Alaskan native). They frequently experience more adverse childhood events, which increases the risk of depression and suicide attempts. Pediatricians are most likely to care for these vulnerable youths, who often are less engaged in specialty mental health care for a variety of reasons, including stigma and barriers to access. By offering behavioral and mental health care to vulnerable populations in primary care, mental health equity may be achieved. Screening for depression and assessment for suicide are within the scope of pediatric practice and among the competencies recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics and The American Board of Pediatrics.

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来源期刊
Pediatrics in review
Pediatrics in review 医学-小儿科
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
109
期刊介绍: Pediatrics in Review (PIR) is the American Academy of Pediatrics’ monthly peer-reviewed continuing medical education journal, designed to keep the general pediatric clinician current in all areas of pediatric medicine and to assist those participating in the Maintenance of Certification program of the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP). The journal is one of the key components of the Academy’s continuing medical education program: PREP® (the Pediatrics Review and Education Program). Together, PIR and the PREP Self-Assessment comprise PREP The Curriculum®. Each PIR review article includes quiz questions formulated by topic experts.
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