Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of common respiratory pathogens infection in children in a 3A special hospital.

Objective: To analyze the epidemic characteristics of common respiratory tract infection pathogens in children with respiratory tract infection, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of respiratory tract infection.

Methods: A retrospective collection of clinical data was conducted on 11,538 children with respiratory tract infections at Luoyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from December 2022 to November 2023. The types of respiratory tract infections, including upper and lower respiratory tract infections, as well as five respiratory pathogens: influenza A virus (influenza A), influenza B virus (influenza B virus, adenovirus (ADV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections, were analyzed and compared for different genders, ages, temperatures, and air quality in different months; And the changes of five pathogens in children with respiratory tract infections of different disease severity.

Results: From December 2022 to November 2023, a total of 11,538 children with respiratory infections were included in the analysis, including 6436 males and 5102 females, with an age of 4.92 ± 2.03 years. The proportion of upper respiratory tract infections is as high as 72.17%, and lower respiratory tract infections account for 27.83%. Among them, 2387 were positive for Flu A antigen, with a positive rate of 20.69%, 51 cases were positive for Flu B antigen, and the positive rate was 0.4%, 1296 cases were positive for adv antigen, with a positive rate of 11.23%, 868 cases were positive for RSV antigen, with a positive rate of 7.52%, 2481 cases were positive for MP IgM antibody or MP antigen, and the positive rate was 21.50%. Flu B in male children The infection rate of ADV and MP was higher than that of female children (p < 0.05); Among children in different age groups, the older the age, the older the Flu A The higher the infection rate of MP (p < 0.05), the higher the positive rate of RSV in children with younger age (p < 0.05). The positive rate of ADV in children aged 3-6 years and > 6 years was higher than that in children aged 0-3 years (p < 0.05); Flu A and MP are popular throughout the year, and the positive rate peaks during the period of temperature rise and air quality decline from February to March, and during the period of temperature drop and air quality index rise from August to November, The positive rate of RSV peaked after the turning point of temperature rise from March to April. The infection rate was higher during the period of sharp decline in air quality from March to May and sharp decline in temperature in November, The positive rate of ADV was higher at the turning point of temperature rise from February to March, and then the infection rate decreased. During the period of sharp temperature drop from August to November, the positive rate increased sharply, and the peak of infection occurred; As the disease worsens, The positive rates of Flu A, Flu B, RSV, MP and combined infection with more than two pathogens were all increased (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: After the new coronavirus epidemic in 2022, Flu A and MP have the highest infection rate of respiratory pathogens in children, showing a peak growth in general, with epidemic characteristics changing with environmental temperature, air quality and seasons. The main disease type is upper respiratory tract infection, MP and adv infections were mainly in male children, Flu A, MP and ADV infections are more common in older children, RSV infection was more common in younger children; Flu A, Flu B, RSV and MP infection and the co infection of more than two pathogens may more easily lead to the occurrence of severe pneumonia.