Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Bronwyn Cahill, Bita Sabbaghzadeh, Jannine M. Lencina-Avila, Gregor Rehder
{"title":"边海碱度增加可能影响海气二氧化碳交换和缓冲酸化","authors":"Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Bronwyn Cahill, Bita Sabbaghzadeh, Jannine M. Lencina-Avila, Gregor Rehder","doi":"10.1002/lno.12672","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Total alkalinity (TA) has increased in the Baltic Sea, with implications for atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>-induced acidification and CO<sub>2</sub> uptake. We compiled extensive data of TA in surface waters of the Baltic Sea, aiming to (i) identify new tendencies in the relationship between TA and salinity (TA–S relationship), (ii) update the TA trend analysis, (iii) investigate spatial–temporal patterns, and (iv) discuss potential drivers and implications. We observed a progressive decrease in the slopes and increase in the intercepts of the TA–S overtime due to the persistent process of TA enhancement. A weak seasonal pattern was identified, with warmer months presenting lower salinity and TA. Lower rates of TA increase were observed in high salinities (Skagerrak–Kattegat; +1.00 to +2.20 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), intermediate trends in low salinities (Gulf of Bothnia; +3.28 to +3.57 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), and maximal trends in the Central Baltic Sea (+3.70 to +4.57 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) and Bornholm Basin (+4.82 to +5.32 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). The increase in the intercept of the TA–S in the Gulf of Bothnia suggests a progressive increase in the external supply of TA, although lower than previously thought. The maximum trend in the Bornholm Basin suggests an increase in external supply from the Southern catchment and/or the accumulation of internal production. The positive TA–phosphorus correlations underscore a significant internal source. The TA increase amplifies the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by 1.8–7.8% during spring/summer and reduces the CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing by 3.4–7.7% in autumn/winter. The TA enhancement has the potential to buffer CO<sub>2</sub>-induced acidification by 39–60% by 2050.</p>","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/lno.12672","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Increase in marginal sea alkalinity may impact air–sea carbon dioxide exchange and buffer acidification\",\"authors\":\"Luiz C. Cotovicz Jr., Bronwyn Cahill, Bita Sabbaghzadeh, Jannine M. Lencina-Avila, Gregor Rehder\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/lno.12672\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Total alkalinity (TA) has increased in the Baltic Sea, with implications for atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>-induced acidification and CO<sub>2</sub> uptake. We compiled extensive data of TA in surface waters of the Baltic Sea, aiming to (i) identify new tendencies in the relationship between TA and salinity (TA–S relationship), (ii) update the TA trend analysis, (iii) investigate spatial–temporal patterns, and (iv) discuss potential drivers and implications. We observed a progressive decrease in the slopes and increase in the intercepts of the TA–S overtime due to the persistent process of TA enhancement. A weak seasonal pattern was identified, with warmer months presenting lower salinity and TA. Lower rates of TA increase were observed in high salinities (Skagerrak–Kattegat; +1.00 to +2.20 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), intermediate trends in low salinities (Gulf of Bothnia; +3.28 to +3.57 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>), and maximal trends in the Central Baltic Sea (+3.70 to +4.57 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) and Bornholm Basin (+4.82 to +5.32 <i>μ</i>mol kg<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>). The increase in the intercept of the TA–S in the Gulf of Bothnia suggests a progressive increase in the external supply of TA, although lower than previously thought. The maximum trend in the Bornholm Basin suggests an increase in external supply from the Southern catchment and/or the accumulation of internal production. The positive TA–phosphorus correlations underscore a significant internal source. The TA increase amplifies the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake by 1.8–7.8% during spring/summer and reduces the CO<sub>2</sub> outgassing by 3.4–7.7% in autumn/winter. 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Increase in marginal sea alkalinity may impact air–sea carbon dioxide exchange and buffer acidification
Total alkalinity (TA) has increased in the Baltic Sea, with implications for atmospheric CO2-induced acidification and CO2 uptake. We compiled extensive data of TA in surface waters of the Baltic Sea, aiming to (i) identify new tendencies in the relationship between TA and salinity (TA–S relationship), (ii) update the TA trend analysis, (iii) investigate spatial–temporal patterns, and (iv) discuss potential drivers and implications. We observed a progressive decrease in the slopes and increase in the intercepts of the TA–S overtime due to the persistent process of TA enhancement. A weak seasonal pattern was identified, with warmer months presenting lower salinity and TA. Lower rates of TA increase were observed in high salinities (Skagerrak–Kattegat; +1.00 to +2.20 μmol kg−1 yr−1), intermediate trends in low salinities (Gulf of Bothnia; +3.28 to +3.57 μmol kg−1 yr−1), and maximal trends in the Central Baltic Sea (+3.70 to +4.57 μmol kg−1 yr−1) and Bornholm Basin (+4.82 to +5.32 μmol kg−1 yr−1). The increase in the intercept of the TA–S in the Gulf of Bothnia suggests a progressive increase in the external supply of TA, although lower than previously thought. The maximum trend in the Bornholm Basin suggests an increase in external supply from the Southern catchment and/or the accumulation of internal production. The positive TA–phosphorus correlations underscore a significant internal source. The TA increase amplifies the CO2 uptake by 1.8–7.8% during spring/summer and reduces the CO2 outgassing by 3.4–7.7% in autumn/winter. The TA enhancement has the potential to buffer CO2-induced acidification by 39–60% by 2050.
期刊介绍:
Limnology and Oceanography (L&O; print ISSN 0024-3590, online ISSN 1939-5590) publishes original articles, including scholarly reviews, about all aspects of limnology and oceanography. The journal''s unifying theme is the understanding of aquatic systems. Submissions are judged on the originality of their data, interpretations, and ideas, and on the degree to which they can be generalized beyond the particular aquatic system examined. Laboratory and modeling studies must demonstrate relevance to field environments; typically this means that they are bolstered by substantial "real-world" data. Few purely theoretical or purely empirical papers are accepted for review.