Dsr 介导的硫氧化的进化史和起源

Katherine M Klier, Cody Martin, Marguerite V Langwig, Karthik Anantharaman
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摘要

微生物通过氧化元素硫和还原亚硫酸盐,在硫循环中发挥着重要作用。这些新陈代谢是由亚硫酸盐还原酶(Dsr)以还原或反向氧化的方式催化的。Dsr 介导的亚硫酸盐还原是一种古老的新陈代谢,据说是地球上最早的一些微生物进行能量代谢的燃料,而硫氧化则被认为是后来随着地球上氧气的广泛存在而进化的。一般认为,生物体要么进行还原途径,要么进行氧化途径,但在不同门类的生物体中发现了一些基因组合,表明它们同时进行这两种途径。目前还缺乏对这些门类有关 Dsr 代谢的全面研究。在此,我们选择了这些门类中的一个,即代谢多变的候选门 SAR324,来研究 Dsr 介导的代谢的生态学和进化。我们证实,多种 SAR324 编码与还原性 Dsr、氧化性 Dsr 或两者相关的基因。与其他编码 Dsr 的细菌和古细菌门的比较分析表明,编码还原性和氧化性 Dsr 蛋白的生物仅限于少数几个门。此外,属于这些系统的基因组中的 DsrAB 序列在系统发育上被定位在明确定义的氧化性和还原性细菌支系之间的界面上。这些生物的系统发育背景和dsr基因含量表明,在进化过程中发生了转变,最终形成了以氧化性 Dsr 为媒介的新陈代谢。这些研究结果表明,SAR324 和其他具有混合 dsr 基因含量的门类与 Dsr 介导的硫氧化的进化和起源有关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evolutionary history and origins of Dsr-mediated sulfur oxidation
None declared.Conflicts of interestMicroorganisms play vital roles in sulfur cycling through the oxidation of elemental sulfur and reduction of sulfite. These metabolisms are catalyzed by dissimilatory sulfite reductases (Dsr) functioning in either the reductive or reverse, oxidative direction. Dsr-mediated sulfite reduction is an ancient metabolism proposed to have fueled energy metabolism in some of Earth’s earliest microorganisms, whereas sulfur oxidation is believed to have evolved later in association with the widespread availability of oxygen on Earth. Organisms are generally believed to carry out either the reductive or oxidative pathway, yet organisms from diverse phyla have been discovered with gene combinations that implicate them in both pathways. A comprehensive investigation into the metabolisms of these phyla regarding Dsr is currently lacking. Here, we selected one of these phyla, the metabolically versatile candidate phylum SAR324, to study the ecology and evolution of Dsr-mediated metabolism. We confirmed that diverse SAR324 encode genes associated with reductive Dsr, oxidative Dsr, or both. Comparative analyses with other Dsr-encoding bacterial and archaeal phyla revealed that organisms encoding both reductive and oxidative Dsr proteins are constrained to a few phyla. Further, DsrAB sequences from genomes belonging to these phyla are phylogenetically positioned at the interface between well-defined oxidative and reductive bacterial clades. The phylogenetic context and dsr gene content in these organisms points to an evolutionary transition event that ultimately gave way to oxidative Dsr-mediated metabolism. Together, this research suggests that SAR324 and other phyla with mixed dsr gene content are associated with the evolution and origins of Dsr-mediated sulfur oxidation.
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