稳定同位素和蛋白质组学对伊朗西北部 Köhne Shahar 青铜时代人类饮食生活史的启示

IF 1.5 2区 历史学 0 ARCHAEOLOGY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们对南高加索和近东高地库拉-阿拉克西斯族群的生存策略的兴趣由来已久,但以个体为单位对古饮食的直接研究却寥寥无几。我们对伊朗西北部库拉-阿拉克西斯青铜时代早期遗址 Köhne Shahar(KSH)中 11 个混合个体的 17 颗牙齿进行了碳和氮同位素的连续采样。牙釉质的蛋白质组分析显示有 7 名女性和 4 名男性。同位素结果表明,他们以农牧业为食,很少或根本不食 C4 小米。个体同位素生物履历显示其饮食生活史包括 1.5 至 3.7 岁(平均 = 2.4 岁)断奶,随后是稳定的幼儿期饮食,直到 10 岁,个体内部差异很小。12-14 岁左右的同位素变化表明饮食习惯发生了变化,这可能与结婚和建立新的家庭单位有关,新的家庭单位更注重植物性食物。14 至 20 岁期间同位素的逐渐变化可能代表这些家庭发展了畜群,增加了肉类消费。在这一转变过程中饮食的稳定性与村落的内一夫一妻制是一致的。断奶年龄和儿童期 δ15N 值的性别差异暗示了学习和文化习俗的差异。男性和大约一半的女性断奶较早,但能吃到更多的肉类,这表明他们更多地在户外从事畜牧业和/或生产动物产品(如奶酪、酸奶)。相比之下,另一半女性在儿童时期断奶较晚,但吃的植物性食物明显较多,这表明她们在家里更多参与园艺和手工艺品制作和/或植物性食物的制作,在家里她们有更多机会吃到母乳。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Stable isotope and proteomic insights into Bronze age human dietary life history at Köhne Shahar, Northwest Iran

Interest in subsistence strategies practiced by the Kura-Araxes communities in Southern Caucasus and the highlands of the Near East has a long history, yet direct studies of paleodiet at the scale of the individual are few. We apply serial sampling of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in 17 teeth representing 11 comingled individuals at the Kura-Araxes early Bronze Age site Köhne Shahar (KSH) in northwestern Iran. Proteomic analyses of dental enamel show seven females and four males. Isotopic results indicate an agro-pastoral diet with little or no C4 millet. Individual isotopic biographies reveal a dietary life history that includes weaning between 1.5 and 3.7 years of age (average = 2.4 years), followed by a stable early childhood diet with little intra-individual variation through age 10 years. Isotopic shifts around 12–14 years of age suggest a change in diet that may correspond to marriage and the establishment of new household units focused more on plant foods. Gradual isotopic shifts between 14 and 20 years may represent such households developing livestock herds and increasing meat consumption. Stability in diet across this transition is consistent with village endogamy. Sex-linked differences in the age of weaning and childhood δ15N values hint at differences in learning and enculturation practices. Males and about half of females were weaned earlier but had access to greater amounts of meat, suggesting they were more involved in animal husbandry and/or production of animal products (e.g., cheese, yoghurt) outside the house. By contrast, the other half of females were weaned later in childhood, but ate significantly more plant foods, suggesting they were more involved in tending gardens and producing crafts and/or plant-based foods within the house, where they had greater access to breastmilk.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
12.50%
发文量
405
期刊介绍: Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports is aimed at archaeologists and scientists engaged with the application of scientific techniques and methodologies to all areas of archaeology. The journal focuses on the results of the application of scientific methods to archaeological problems and debates. It will provide a forum for reviews and scientific debate of issues in scientific archaeology and their impact in the wider subject. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports will publish papers of excellent archaeological science, with regional or wider interest. This will include case studies, reviews and short papers where an established scientific technique sheds light on archaeological questions and debates.
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