合理降低种植密度和提高 NUE 是减少降雨过多造成玉米减产的有效方法

IF 4.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Ruiqi Ma , Ning Cao , Yuanyang Li , Yilong Hou , Yujian Wang , Qi Zhang , Tianli Wang , Jinhu Cui , Bin Li , Wuliang Shi , Yubin Zhang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

过量降雨或内涝对玉米生长和产量的影响已被广泛研究,但内涝条件下种植密度和氮素管理的影响仍然未知。我们在中国长春(东经 125°14.231′-125°14.914′,北纬 43°56.603′-43°57.274′)通过短期试验(2017 年至今)观察了过量降雨导致的玉米产量变化。试验采用四种种植密度(45,000 株/公顷、60,000 株/公顷、75,000 株/公顷和 90,000 株/公顷)和三种氮肥施用量(120 公斤/公顷、180 公斤/公顷和 240 公斤/公顷)。目的是通过玉米生长条件的变化,探讨 2019 年至 2022 年期间过量降水对玉米产量的影响,以及不同种植密度和氮肥施用量下玉米对氮的吸收、分配和利用情况。2019 年(542.9 毫米)和 2020 年(560.0 毫米)玉米整个生长期降水量正常,而 2021 年(829.10 毫米)和 2022 年(953.56 毫米)降水量过多,尤其是在 V12 至 VT 的无性期(355.60-482.10 毫米)。过量降雨对玉米的生长、光合特性(Pn:-20.00 %,SPAD:-50.50 %)、吸收(-56.86 %)、分配(-15.83 %)、氮利用效率(NUE:-29.69 %)和籽粒产量(-44.67 %)产生了不利影响。我们的研究结果表明,当适当降低种植密度(从 75,000 株/公顷降至 60,000 株/公顷)并将氮率从 180 千克/公顷提高到 240 千克/公顷时,产量损失最小(-22.88 %)。不同的涝害持续时间对产量的影响呈现显著的负线性关系(R2 >0.80)。这项研究揭示了过量降雨对玉米生长和产量产生持续影响的生理机制。涝害明显影响玉米的SPAD(p < 0.01,R2 = 0.04),导致籽粒氮含量不足(p < 0.001,R2 = 0.16)和氮利用效率下降(p < 0.001,R2 = 0.48)。这些因素严重影响了产量,并与种植密度呈显著负相关(p < 0.05)。我们的研究结果加深了人们对世界中高纬度农业地区过度降雨条件下玉米生长和产量的种植密度和氮管理的理解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rational reduction of planting density and enhancement of NUE were effective methods to mitigate maize yield loss due to excessive rainfall

The impact of excessive rainfall or waterlogging on maize growth and yield have been widely studied, but the effects of planting density and N management under waterlogging remain unknown. We observed the changes in maize yield caused by excessive rainfall via a short-term experiment (2017 to present) in Changchun (125°14.231′–125°14.914′ E, 43°56.603′–43°57.274′ N), China. The experiment was conducted at four planting densities (45,000, 60,000, 75,000 and 90,000 plants/ha) and three nitrogen (N) rates (120, 180, and 240 kg/ha). The objective was to explore the effect of excessive precipitation on maize yield through changes in maize growing conditions, and the uptake, allocation, and utilization of N under different planting densities and N rates from 2019 to 2022. The precipitation during the whole growth period of maize in 2019 (542.9 mm) and 2020 (560.0 mm) was normal, while it was excessive in 2021 (829.10 mm) and 2022 (953.56 mm), especially during the vegetative stage from V12 to VT (355.60–482.10 mm). Excessive rainfall negatively affected the growth, photosynthetic characteristics (Pn: −20.00 %, SPAD: −50.50 %), absorption (−56.86 %), distribution (−15.83 %), N utilization efficiency (NUE: −29.69 %), and grain yield (−44.67 %) of maize. Our results indicate that yield loss was minimized (−22.88 %) when the planting density was appropriately reduced (from 75,000 to 60,000 plants/ha) and the N rate was increased from 180 to 240 kg/ha. The effect of different waterlogging durations on yield exhibited a significantly negative linear relation (R2 > 0.80). This study revealed the physiological mechanism of the sustained effects of excessive rainfall on maize growth and yield. Waterlogging significantly affected the SPAD of maize (p < 0.01, R2 = 0.04), resulting in insufficient kernel N content (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.16) and decreased NUE (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.48). These factors significantly affected yield and exerted a significant negative correlation with planting density (p < 0.05). Our findings improved understanding of planting density and N management for growth and yield of maize under excessive rainfall conditions in mid-high latitude agriculture areas of the world.

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来源期刊
European Journal of Agronomy
European Journal of Agronomy 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
7.70%
发文量
187
审稿时长
4.5 months
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Agronomy, the official journal of the European Society for Agronomy, publishes original research papers reporting experimental and theoretical contributions to field-based agronomy and crop science. The journal will consider research at the field level for agricultural, horticultural and tree crops, that uses comprehensive and explanatory approaches. The EJA covers the following topics: crop physiology crop production and management including irrigation, fertilization and soil management agroclimatology and modelling plant-soil relationships crop quality and post-harvest physiology farming and cropping systems agroecosystems and the environment crop-weed interactions and management organic farming horticultural crops papers from the European Society for Agronomy bi-annual meetings In determining the suitability of submitted articles for publication, particular scrutiny is placed on the degree of novelty and significance of the research and the extent to which it adds to existing knowledge in agronomy.
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