{"title":"大气中升高的二氧化碳和硅对小麦中抗食草动物植物激素和防御基因表达水平进行拮抗调控","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105950","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silicon (Si) accumulation by grasses is a key mechanism for alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses, including insect herbivory. In addition to conferring physical resistance, tissue silicification may enhance anti-herbivore phytohormone production, such as the jasmonic and salicylic (JA and SA) acid pathways, and downstream regulation of defence genes, although this is poorly understood. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations predicted by climate models are reported to reduce Si accumulation in several plant taxa and may therefore compromise Si-augmented resistance. We investigated how Si enrichment and eCO<sub>2</sub> regulate the JA and SA pathways and expression of defence genes in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) challenged by a global insect pest (<em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>). Si treatments increased JA production and expression of β-1,3-<em>ENDOGLUCANASE</em> (GNS), and <em>MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE</em> (MAPK; WCK-1) defence genes, while suppressing SA production, resulting in reduced feeding and growth of <em>H. armigera</em>. In contrast, under eCO<sub>2</sub> conditions, Si accumulation was reduced, GNS downregulated, but SA production was upregulated. Despite compromised plant defences, <em>H. armigera</em> growth rates were reduced under eCO<sub>2</sub>. We conclude that eCO<sub>2</sub> and Si supplementation contrastingly regulate anti-herbivore defences in wheat; these important drivers operate independently and may influence future patterns of pest resistance in wheat under projected rises in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Elevated atmospheric CO2 and silicon antagonistically regulate anti-herbivore phytohormone and defence gene expression levels in wheat\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105950\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Silicon (Si) accumulation by grasses is a key mechanism for alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses, including insect herbivory. In addition to conferring physical resistance, tissue silicification may enhance anti-herbivore phytohormone production, such as the jasmonic and salicylic (JA and SA) acid pathways, and downstream regulation of defence genes, although this is poorly understood. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO<sub>2</sub>) concentrations predicted by climate models are reported to reduce Si accumulation in several plant taxa and may therefore compromise Si-augmented resistance. We investigated how Si enrichment and eCO<sub>2</sub> regulate the JA and SA pathways and expression of defence genes in wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) challenged by a global insect pest (<em>Helicoverpa armigera</em>). Si treatments increased JA production and expression of β-1,3-<em>ENDOGLUCANASE</em> (GNS), and <em>MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE</em> (MAPK; WCK-1) defence genes, while suppressing SA production, resulting in reduced feeding and growth of <em>H. armigera</em>. In contrast, under eCO<sub>2</sub> conditions, Si accumulation was reduced, GNS downregulated, but SA production was upregulated. Despite compromised plant defences, <em>H. armigera</em> growth rates were reduced under eCO<sub>2</sub>. We conclude that eCO<sub>2</sub> and Si supplementation contrastingly regulate anti-herbivore defences in wheat; these important drivers operate independently and may influence future patterns of pest resistance in wheat under projected rises in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11758,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental and Experimental Botany\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental and Experimental Botany\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"99\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224003083\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"生物学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847224003083","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
禾本科植物的硅(Si)积累是减轻包括昆虫食草在内的生物和非生物胁迫的关键机制。除了赋予物理抗性外,组织硅化还可能增强抗食草动物植物激素的产生,如茉莉酸和水杨酸(JA 和 SA)途径,以及防御基因的下游调控,尽管对这一点还不甚了解。据报道,气候模型预测的大气二氧化碳(eCO2)浓度升高会减少一些植物类群的硅积累,因此可能会损害硅增强的抗性。我们研究了硅富集和 eCO2 如何调节小麦(Triticum aestivum)的 JA 和 SA 通路以及受到全球虫害(Helicoverpa armigera)挑战的防御基因的表达。Si 处理增加了 JA 的产生和 β-1,3-ENDOGLUCANASE(GNS)以及 MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE(MAPK;WCK-1)防御基因的表达,同时抑制了 SA 的产生,从而减少了 H. armigera 的取食和生长。与此相反,在 eCO2 条件下,Si 积累减少,GNS 下调,但 SA 生成上调。尽管植物防御能力受到影响,但在 eCO2 条件下,H. armigera 的生长率还是降低了。我们的结论是,eCO2 和硅的补充对比地调节了小麦的抗食草动物防御能力;这些重要的驱动因素独立运行,可能会影响未来大气 CO2 预计上升情况下小麦的抗虫害模式。
Elevated atmospheric CO2 and silicon antagonistically regulate anti-herbivore phytohormone and defence gene expression levels in wheat
Silicon (Si) accumulation by grasses is a key mechanism for alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses, including insect herbivory. In addition to conferring physical resistance, tissue silicification may enhance anti-herbivore phytohormone production, such as the jasmonic and salicylic (JA and SA) acid pathways, and downstream regulation of defence genes, although this is poorly understood. Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (eCO2) concentrations predicted by climate models are reported to reduce Si accumulation in several plant taxa and may therefore compromise Si-augmented resistance. We investigated how Si enrichment and eCO2 regulate the JA and SA pathways and expression of defence genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) challenged by a global insect pest (Helicoverpa armigera). Si treatments increased JA production and expression of β-1,3-ENDOGLUCANASE (GNS), and MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (MAPK; WCK-1) defence genes, while suppressing SA production, resulting in reduced feeding and growth of H. armigera. In contrast, under eCO2 conditions, Si accumulation was reduced, GNS downregulated, but SA production was upregulated. Despite compromised plant defences, H. armigera growth rates were reduced under eCO2. We conclude that eCO2 and Si supplementation contrastingly regulate anti-herbivore defences in wheat; these important drivers operate independently and may influence future patterns of pest resistance in wheat under projected rises in atmospheric CO2.
期刊介绍:
Environmental and Experimental Botany (EEB) publishes research papers on the physical, chemical, biological, molecular mechanisms and processes involved in the responses of plants to their environment.
In addition to research papers, the journal includes review articles. Submission is in agreement with the Editors-in-Chief.
The Journal also publishes special issues which are built by invited guest editors and are related to the main themes of EEB.
The areas covered by the Journal include:
(1) Responses of plants to heavy metals and pollutants
(2) Plant/water interactions (salinity, drought, flooding)
(3) Responses of plants to radiations ranging from UV-B to infrared
(4) Plant/atmosphere relations (ozone, CO2 , temperature)
(5) Global change impacts on plant ecophysiology
(6) Biotic interactions involving environmental factors.