{"title":"多晶体和粒状冰的高应变率行为:实验和数值研究","authors":"Shruti Pandey, Ishan Sharma, Venkitanarayanan Parameswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104295","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the stress–strain response of two different types of ice, viz. polycrystalline ice and granular ice, between −1° – 0 °C over a strain-rate range of <span><math><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> to <span><math><mn>300</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> employing the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Polycrystalline ice samples, prepared by freezing water in plastic moulds, exhibit a compressive strength ranging from 7 to 10 MPa within the considered strain-rate range. The strain at peak stress remains below 0.2%, indicating brittle behavior. The stress-strain curve of polycrystalline ice displays a prolonged tail, suggesting that the damaged ice specimen retains some strength. High-speed imaging during tests reveals the damage mechanism in ice is fragmentation and axial splitting. A user subroutine based on the Johnson–Holmquist II (JH-2) model is implemented in the commercial finite element (FE) software ABAQUS to predict ice's response at high strain-rates, which captures the softening present in the experimental stress–strain curve. Intact strength parameters and strain-rate sensitivity constants in the JH-2 model are determined from our experimental data and literature results, ensuring alignment with experimental peak stress. Fractured strength and damage evolution parameters are determined by matching post-peak responses from simulations to experiments. Temporal damage evolution from FE simulations aligns well with high-speed images from experiments, providing additional validation. Extending the study to granular ice, samples are prepared by crushing polycrystalline ice and refreezing it. The compressive strength of granular ice at a nominal strain-rate of <span><math><mn>200</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> is found to be <span><math><mn>4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.7</mn></math></span> MPa. The granular ice, which is a mixture of polycrystalline ice and voids, is homogenized using rule-of-mixture to obtain the elastic properties. The FE simulation results utilizing the JH-2 parameters that we determine matches well with the experimental data, demonstrating that the JH-2 model is well suited to predict the high strain-rate behavior of both types of ice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"High strain-rate behavior of polycrystalline and granular ice: An experimental and numerical study\",\"authors\":\"Shruti Pandey, Ishan Sharma, Venkitanarayanan Parameswaran\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.coldregions.2024.104295\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>We study the stress–strain response of two different types of ice, viz. polycrystalline ice and granular ice, between −1° – 0 °C over a strain-rate range of <span><math><mn>100</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> to <span><math><mn>300</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> employing the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Polycrystalline ice samples, prepared by freezing water in plastic moulds, exhibit a compressive strength ranging from 7 to 10 MPa within the considered strain-rate range. The strain at peak stress remains below 0.2%, indicating brittle behavior. The stress-strain curve of polycrystalline ice displays a prolonged tail, suggesting that the damaged ice specimen retains some strength. High-speed imaging during tests reveals the damage mechanism in ice is fragmentation and axial splitting. A user subroutine based on the Johnson–Holmquist II (JH-2) model is implemented in the commercial finite element (FE) software ABAQUS to predict ice's response at high strain-rates, which captures the softening present in the experimental stress–strain curve. Intact strength parameters and strain-rate sensitivity constants in the JH-2 model are determined from our experimental data and literature results, ensuring alignment with experimental peak stress. Fractured strength and damage evolution parameters are determined by matching post-peak responses from simulations to experiments. Temporal damage evolution from FE simulations aligns well with high-speed images from experiments, providing additional validation. Extending the study to granular ice, samples are prepared by crushing polycrystalline ice and refreezing it. The compressive strength of granular ice at a nominal strain-rate of <span><math><mn>200</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>50</mn><mspace></mspace><msup><mi>s</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> is found to be <span><math><mn>4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.7</mn></math></span> MPa. The granular ice, which is a mixture of polycrystalline ice and voids, is homogenized using rule-of-mixture to obtain the elastic properties. The FE simulation results utilizing the JH-2 parameters that we determine matches well with the experimental data, demonstrating that the JH-2 model is well suited to predict the high strain-rate behavior of both types of ice.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":10522,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Cold Regions Science and Technology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Cold Regions Science and Technology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165232X24001769\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, CIVIL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165232X24001769","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CIVIL","Score":null,"Total":0}
High strain-rate behavior of polycrystalline and granular ice: An experimental and numerical study
We study the stress–strain response of two different types of ice, viz. polycrystalline ice and granular ice, between −1° – 0 °C over a strain-rate range of to employing the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB). Polycrystalline ice samples, prepared by freezing water in plastic moulds, exhibit a compressive strength ranging from 7 to 10 MPa within the considered strain-rate range. The strain at peak stress remains below 0.2%, indicating brittle behavior. The stress-strain curve of polycrystalline ice displays a prolonged tail, suggesting that the damaged ice specimen retains some strength. High-speed imaging during tests reveals the damage mechanism in ice is fragmentation and axial splitting. A user subroutine based on the Johnson–Holmquist II (JH-2) model is implemented in the commercial finite element (FE) software ABAQUS to predict ice's response at high strain-rates, which captures the softening present in the experimental stress–strain curve. Intact strength parameters and strain-rate sensitivity constants in the JH-2 model are determined from our experimental data and literature results, ensuring alignment with experimental peak stress. Fractured strength and damage evolution parameters are determined by matching post-peak responses from simulations to experiments. Temporal damage evolution from FE simulations aligns well with high-speed images from experiments, providing additional validation. Extending the study to granular ice, samples are prepared by crushing polycrystalline ice and refreezing it. The compressive strength of granular ice at a nominal strain-rate of is found to be MPa. The granular ice, which is a mixture of polycrystalline ice and voids, is homogenized using rule-of-mixture to obtain the elastic properties. The FE simulation results utilizing the JH-2 parameters that we determine matches well with the experimental data, demonstrating that the JH-2 model is well suited to predict the high strain-rate behavior of both types of ice.
期刊介绍:
Cold Regions Science and Technology is an international journal dealing with the science and technical problems of cold environments in both the polar regions and more temperate locations. It includes fundamental aspects of cryospheric sciences which have applications for cold regions problems as well as engineering topics which relate to the cryosphere.
Emphasis is given to applied science with broad coverage of the physical and mechanical aspects of ice (including glaciers and sea ice), snow and snow avalanches, ice-water systems, ice-bonded soils and permafrost.
Relevant aspects of Earth science, materials science, offshore and river ice engineering are also of primary interest. These include icing of ships and structures as well as trafficability in cold environments. Technological advances for cold regions in research, development, and engineering practice are relevant to the journal. Theoretical papers must include a detailed discussion of the potential application of the theory to address cold regions problems. The journal serves a wide range of specialists, providing a medium for interdisciplinary communication and a convenient source of reference.