A review on thermal runaway warning technology for lithium-ion batteries

Lithium-ion batteries occupy a place in the field of transportation and energy storage due to their high-capacity density and environmental friendliness. However, thermal runaway behavior has become the biggest safety hazard. To address these challenges, this work provides a comprehensive review of thermal runaway warning techniques. The mechanism and characteristic behavior of thermal runaway are summarized. The characteristic parameters of thermal runaway (thermal, electrical, gas signal, etc.) are the basis of early warning technology. Then, three kinds of early warning technologies are discussed and proposed. Gas sensors have more early warning capability than sensors based on internal signature monitoring, but both lack predictive capability. Fortunately, battery management system technology combined with intelligent algorithms has powerful data processing and prediction capabilities. The innovation of early warning technology cannot be achieved without the synergy of multiple technologies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress and challenges in the development of LIBs thermal runaway warning technology, providing ideas for potential future areas and directions.