不同大田豌豆播种率的杂草和产量以及在前茬小麦作物中施用 ALS 抑制剂除草剂的残留影响

IF 2.5 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY

Crop Protection Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI:10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106911

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引用次数: 0

摘要

采用更高的脉冲播种率进行间作来减轻杂草，可以提高种植者的收益，并有可能减少因频繁施用除草剂而产生的杂草抗药性。2021 年，在阿尔伯塔省北星市的两块田里播种了小麦（Triticum aestivum L.），在旗叶期，一半地块喷洒了噻吩嘧磺隆（Thifensulfuron-methyl）和三苯嘧磺隆（tribenuron-methyl），剂量为 29.65 g.a.i.ha-1（分别为 9.89 + 4.94），另一半地块未喷洒除草剂。第二年春天（2022 年），以 0.5 倍、1 倍和 1.5 倍的播种率（分别为 101、202 和 303 kgha-1）播种大田豌豆（Pisum sativum L.），同时播种黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum L.）或黑麦（Secale cereale L.）（播种率分别为 5.6 和 19.1 kgha-1）、大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）或燕麦（Avena fatua L.）（播种率为 33.7 kgha-1）以及单作物对照。目的是：a）确定最能抑制杂草的间作作物；b）伴生作物对豌豆播种率的影响。与未喷洒除草剂的地块相比，尽管采用了耕作制度，喷洒除草剂的地块杂草较少，黑麦是减少杂草的最佳伴生作物。黑麦-豌豆（1.11）或黑麦草-豌豆（0.98）的土地当量比（LER）大于燕麦-豌豆（0.75）。谷物抗逆性（A）（燕麦和大麦分别为 2.64X10-3 和 2.18X10-2）和实际产量损失（AYL）（燕麦为 3.06，大麦为 0.39）大于豌豆（A 为-2.67X10-3，A 为-2.燕麦和大麦的 A 和 AYL 分别为-2.67X10-3、-2.29X10-2 和 2.95、0.73），与竞争比（CR）成反比（燕麦和豌豆分别为 0.07、2.60；大麦和豌豆分别为 0.25、0.63）。豌豆植株越多，谷物 CR（0.5 倍、1 倍和 1.5 倍豌豆播种率下分别为 0.36、0.11 和 0.05）和 AYL（相同豌豆播种率下分别为 1.56、1.41 和 0.59）越低。总体而言，a）提高豌豆播种率可减少杂草，增强对谷物的竞争力；b）尽管黑麦的抑制作用更强，但大麦和燕麦同样以较小的面积提高了豌豆产量。这项研究表明，阿尔伯塔省北部可以采用多种综合水稻管理策略。

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Weed and yield of different field pea seed rates and carryover effect of ALS inhibitor herbicides applied in preceding wheat crop

Intercropping with greater pulse seeding rates for weed mitigation could increase growers yield returns and potentially reduce weed resistance, caused by frequent herbicide applications. In 2021, a split-split plot experiment in North Star, Alberta was sown to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in two fields; half the plots were sprayed with Thifensulfuron-methyl + tribenuron-methyl at 29.65 g.a.i.ha⁻¹ (9.89 + 4.94 respectively) at flag leaf with other half left untreated. In the following spring (2022), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) was sown at 0.5X, 1X and 1.5X seeding rate (101, 202 and 303 kgha⁻¹, respectively) with either ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.) at 5.6 and 19.1 kgha⁻¹, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or oat (Avena fatua L.) at 33.7 kgha⁻¹, plus monocrop control. Objectives were to a) identify most weed suppressive intercrop, and b) how companion crops affected pea seeding rates. Herbicide sprayed plots had less weeds compared to unsprayed despite cropping system adopted and rye was best companion crop to reduce weeds. Rye-pea (1.11) or ryegrass-pea (0.98) land equivalent ratio (LER) were greater than oat-pea (0.75). Cereal Agressivity (A) (2.64X10⁻³ and 2.18X10⁻² in oat and barley) and actual yield loss (AYL) (3.06 in oat, 0,39 in barley) was greater than pea (−2.67X10⁻³, −2.29X10⁻² for A and 2.95, 0.73 for AYL in oat and barley respectively), inversely to competitive ratio (CR) (0.07, 2.60 in oat and pea; 0.25, 0.63 in barley and pea). More pea stands decreased cereal CR (0.36,0.11 and 0.05 at 0.5X, 1X and 1.5X pea seeding rates) and AYL (1.56, 1.41 and 0.59 for same pea seeding rates). Overall, a) increasing pea seeding rates reduce weeds and increase competitivity towards cereals, and b) despite rye being more suppressing, barley and oat promote pea yields with less area likewise. This study demonstrated the variety of IWM strategies possible in Northern Alberta.

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来源期刊

Crop Protection 农林科学-农艺学

CiteScore

6.10

自引率

3.60%

发文量

200

审稿时长

29 days

期刊介绍： The Editors of Crop Protection especially welcome papers describing an interdisciplinary approach showing how different control strategies can be integrated into practical pest management programs, covering high and low input agricultural systems worldwide. Crop Protection particularly emphasizes the practical aspects of control in the field and for protected crops, and includes work which may lead in the near future to more effective control. The journal does not duplicate the many existing excellent biological science journals, which deal mainly with the more fundamental aspects of plant pathology, applied zoology and weed science. Crop Protection covers all practical aspects of pest, disease and weed control, including the following topics: -Abiotic damage- Agronomic control methods- Assessment of pest and disease damage- Molecular methods for the detection and assessment of pests and diseases- Biological control- Biorational pesticides- Control of animal pests of world crops- Control of diseases of crop plants caused by microorganisms- Control of weeds and integrated management- Economic considerations- Effects of plant growth regulators- Environmental benefits of reduced pesticide use- Environmental effects of pesticides- Epidemiology of pests and diseases in relation to control- GM Crops, and genetic engineering applications- Importance and control of postharvest crop losses- Integrated control- Interrelationships and compatibility among different control strategies- Invasive species as they relate to implications for crop protection- Pesticide application methods- Pest management- Phytobiomes for pest and disease control- Resistance management- Sampling and monitoring schemes for diseases, nematodes, pests and weeds.