柏林中三叠统碳酸盐含水层(Muschelkalk)的水文地质化学和微生物特征及其作为高温含水层热能储存的地球化学模拟

IF 2.9 2区 地球科学 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS
Lioba Virchow, Christian Siever-Wenzlaff, Guido Blöcher, Armando Alibrandi, Jens Kallmeyer, Martin Zimmer, Thomas Wiersberg, Christoph Thielke, Anja Schleicher, Simona Regenspurg
{"title":"柏林中三叠统碳酸盐含水层(Muschelkalk)的水文地质化学和微生物特征及其作为高温含水层热能储存的地球化学模拟","authors":"Lioba Virchow,&nbsp;Christian Siever-Wenzlaff,&nbsp;Guido Blöcher,&nbsp;Armando Alibrandi,&nbsp;Jens Kallmeyer,&nbsp;Martin Zimmer,&nbsp;Thomas Wiersberg,&nbsp;Christoph Thielke,&nbsp;Anja Schleicher,&nbsp;Simona Regenspurg","doi":"10.1186/s40517-024-00309-2","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The geological formation of the Muschelkalk is widespread in the center of the North German Basin (NGB) and is increasingly attracting interest for application of geothermal energy extraction or high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES). This study investigates the Middle Triassic <i>“Rüdersdorfer Schaumkalk”</i>, which was the former injection horizon of the natural gas storage facility in Berlin, Germany. For the first time, detailed chemical and microbiological analyses of formation water of this Lower Muschelkalk limestone formation were conducted and hydrogeochemically characterized. In addition, a hydrogeochemical model was developed to quantify the potential reactions during HT-ATES focusing on calcite dissolution and precipitation. The main objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the origin of the water from the three wells targeting the Muschelkalk aquifer, (2) to understand changes in hydrochemistry after system operation, and (3) to evaluate the long-term sustainability of a potential HT-ATES system with increasing temperature. The target formation is encountered by several wells at about 525 m below the surface with an average thickness of 30 m. Two hydraulic lifting tests including physical, chemical, and microbial groundwater as well as gas monitoring were carried out. In addition, several downhole samples of formation fluid were collected from the aquifer at in situ pressure and temperature conditions. Fluid analysis of the saline formation water indicate a seawater origin within the Muschelkalk with subsequent evaporation and various water–rock interactions with anhydrite/gypsum, dolomite, and calcite. With a salinity of 130 g/L, dominated by Na–Cl, a slightly acidic pH between 6 and 7, and a low gas content of 3%, the formation water fits to other saline deep formation waters of the NGB. Gas concentrations and microbial communities like sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in the produced water indicate several geochemical alterations and microbial processes like corrosion and the forming of biogenic methane. Geochemical simulations of calcite equilibrium over 10 HT-ATES cycles indicated a pronounced propensity for calcite precipitation up to 31 mg/kgw, within the heat exchanger. At the same time, these models predicted a significant potential for calcite dissolution, with rates up to 21 mg/kgw, in both the cold and hot reservoirs. The results from the carbonate aquifer characterized in this study can be transferred to other sites in the NGB affected by salt tectonics and have provided information on the microbiological-chemical processes to be expected during the initial use of old wells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48643,"journal":{"name":"Geothermal Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-024-00309-2","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Hydrogeochemical and microbial characterization of a Middle Triassic carbonate aquifer (Muschelkalk) in Berlin and geochemical simulation of its use as a high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage\",\"authors\":\"Lioba Virchow,&nbsp;Christian Siever-Wenzlaff,&nbsp;Guido Blöcher,&nbsp;Armando Alibrandi,&nbsp;Jens Kallmeyer,&nbsp;Martin Zimmer,&nbsp;Thomas Wiersberg,&nbsp;Christoph Thielke,&nbsp;Anja Schleicher,&nbsp;Simona Regenspurg\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40517-024-00309-2\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>The geological formation of the Muschelkalk is widespread in the center of the North German Basin (NGB) and is increasingly attracting interest for application of geothermal energy extraction or high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES). This study investigates the Middle Triassic <i>“Rüdersdorfer Schaumkalk”</i>, which was the former injection horizon of the natural gas storage facility in Berlin, Germany. For the first time, detailed chemical and microbiological analyses of formation water of this Lower Muschelkalk limestone formation were conducted and hydrogeochemically characterized. In addition, a hydrogeochemical model was developed to quantify the potential reactions during HT-ATES focusing on calcite dissolution and precipitation. The main objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the origin of the water from the three wells targeting the Muschelkalk aquifer, (2) to understand changes in hydrochemistry after system operation, and (3) to evaluate the long-term sustainability of a potential HT-ATES system with increasing temperature. The target formation is encountered by several wells at about 525 m below the surface with an average thickness of 30 m. Two hydraulic lifting tests including physical, chemical, and microbial groundwater as well as gas monitoring were carried out. In addition, several downhole samples of formation fluid were collected from the aquifer at in situ pressure and temperature conditions. Fluid analysis of the saline formation water indicate a seawater origin within the Muschelkalk with subsequent evaporation and various water–rock interactions with anhydrite/gypsum, dolomite, and calcite. With a salinity of 130 g/L, dominated by Na–Cl, a slightly acidic pH between 6 and 7, and a low gas content of 3%, the formation water fits to other saline deep formation waters of the NGB. Gas concentrations and microbial communities like sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in the produced water indicate several geochemical alterations and microbial processes like corrosion and the forming of biogenic methane. Geochemical simulations of calcite equilibrium over 10 HT-ATES cycles indicated a pronounced propensity for calcite precipitation up to 31 mg/kgw, within the heat exchanger. At the same time, these models predicted a significant potential for calcite dissolution, with rates up to 21 mg/kgw, in both the cold and hot reservoirs. The results from the carbonate aquifer characterized in this study can be transferred to other sites in the NGB affected by salt tectonics and have provided information on the microbiological-chemical processes to be expected during the initial use of old wells.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":48643,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Geothermal Energy\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://geothermal-energy-journal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40517-024-00309-2\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Geothermal Energy\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40517-024-00309-2\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Geothermal Energy","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40517-024-00309-2","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

北德盆地(NGB)中心广泛分布着马舍克尔克(Muschelkalk)地质构造,它在地热能源提取或高温含水层热能储存(HT-ATES)方面的应用正日益引起人们的兴趣。本研究调查了中三叠统 "Rüdersdorfer Schaumkalk",它曾是德国柏林天然气储存设施的注入层。该研究首次对这一下穆谢尔克尔克石灰岩地层的地层水进行了详细的化学和微生物分析,并对其进行了水文地质化学鉴定。此外,还开发了一个水文地球化学模型,用于量化 HT-ATES 期间的潜在反应,重点是方解石溶解和沉淀。本研究的主要目标是(1) 确定以 Muschelkalk 含水层为目标的三口井的水源,(2) 了解系统运行后的水文化学变化,(3) 评估潜在 HT-ATES 系统随着温度升高的长期可持续性。目标地层位于地表下约 525 米处,平均厚度为 30 米。此外,还在原地压力和温度条件下从含水层采集了若干地层流体的井下样本。对含盐地层水的流体分析表明,含盐地层水来源于穆斯切尔克岩层中的海水,随后被蒸发,并与无水石膏/石膏、白云石和方解石发生了各种水岩相互作用。地层水的盐度为 130 克/升,主要成分为 Na-Cl,pH 值在 6 到 7 之间,呈微酸性,气体含量较低,仅为 3%,与 NGB 的其他含盐深层地层水相吻合。产水中的气体浓度和微生物群落(如硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷古细菌)表明存在一些地球化学变化和微生物过程,如腐蚀和形成生物甲烷。对 10 个 HT-ATES 循环进行的方解石平衡地球化学模拟表明,热交换器内的方解石沉淀倾向明显,最高可达 31 mg/kgw。同时,这些模型还预测了方解石溶解的巨大潜力,在冷储层和热储层中的溶解速率最高可达 21 毫克/千克湿重。本研究对碳酸盐含水层进行了特征描述,其结果可用于受盐类构造影响的 NGB 其他地点,并提供了有关老井初始使用期间预期微生物化学过程的信息。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Hydrogeochemical and microbial characterization of a Middle Triassic carbonate aquifer (Muschelkalk) in Berlin and geochemical simulation of its use as a high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage

The geological formation of the Muschelkalk is widespread in the center of the North German Basin (NGB) and is increasingly attracting interest for application of geothermal energy extraction or high-temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES). This study investigates the Middle Triassic “Rüdersdorfer Schaumkalk”, which was the former injection horizon of the natural gas storage facility in Berlin, Germany. For the first time, detailed chemical and microbiological analyses of formation water of this Lower Muschelkalk limestone formation were conducted and hydrogeochemically characterized. In addition, a hydrogeochemical model was developed to quantify the potential reactions during HT-ATES focusing on calcite dissolution and precipitation. The main objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the origin of the water from the three wells targeting the Muschelkalk aquifer, (2) to understand changes in hydrochemistry after system operation, and (3) to evaluate the long-term sustainability of a potential HT-ATES system with increasing temperature. The target formation is encountered by several wells at about 525 m below the surface with an average thickness of 30 m. Two hydraulic lifting tests including physical, chemical, and microbial groundwater as well as gas monitoring were carried out. In addition, several downhole samples of formation fluid were collected from the aquifer at in situ pressure and temperature conditions. Fluid analysis of the saline formation water indicate a seawater origin within the Muschelkalk with subsequent evaporation and various water–rock interactions with anhydrite/gypsum, dolomite, and calcite. With a salinity of 130 g/L, dominated by Na–Cl, a slightly acidic pH between 6 and 7, and a low gas content of 3%, the formation water fits to other saline deep formation waters of the NGB. Gas concentrations and microbial communities like sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in the produced water indicate several geochemical alterations and microbial processes like corrosion and the forming of biogenic methane. Geochemical simulations of calcite equilibrium over 10 HT-ATES cycles indicated a pronounced propensity for calcite precipitation up to 31 mg/kgw, within the heat exchanger. At the same time, these models predicted a significant potential for calcite dissolution, with rates up to 21 mg/kgw, in both the cold and hot reservoirs. The results from the carbonate aquifer characterized in this study can be transferred to other sites in the NGB affected by salt tectonics and have provided information on the microbiological-chemical processes to be expected during the initial use of old wells.

求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
Geothermal Energy
Geothermal Energy Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
7.10%
发文量
25
审稿时长
8 weeks
期刊介绍: Geothermal Energy is a peer-reviewed fully open access journal published under the SpringerOpen brand. It focuses on fundamental and applied research needed to deploy technologies for developing and integrating geothermal energy as one key element in the future energy portfolio. Contributions include geological, geophysical, and geochemical studies; exploration of geothermal fields; reservoir characterization and modeling; development of productivity-enhancing methods; and approaches to achieve robust and economic plant operation. Geothermal Energy serves to examine the interaction of individual system components while taking the whole process into account, from the development of the reservoir to the economic provision of geothermal energy.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信